The epidemiology of the primary brain tumors in Rostov region in 2010-2015

The dynamics of the prevalence, incidence, and clinical and statistical characteristics of primary and metastatic brain tumors (BT) with regard to their histological types in the Rostov region, depending on the environmental conditions of life, different age and gender and social groups who were treated in specialized and non-specialized hospitals of Rostov-on-Don for the period from 1 january 2010 to 2015 is a proven result. A further increase in the level of incidence of malignant brain tumors, both due to the improved diagnostics of tumor diseases of the brain, and the influence of climatic, demographic, environmental and medico-social characteristics of the study region were showed. However, many epidemiological aspects of neoplastic diseases of the brain remains poorly understood, requires the continuation of this study

EFFECT OF THE REFLEXOTHERAPY ON THE QUALITY OF LIFE IN PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE

Aim. To estimate the effect of reflexotherapy and standard pharmacological therapy on quality of life in patients with chronic tension-type headache (CTTH).Materials and methods. 95 patients (16 men and 79 women) with CTTH have been taken as the object of research. All patients were divided into two clinical groups. Patients of group 1 received amitriptyline 35-70 mg/day and tolperisone 450 mg/day. Patients of group 2 were assigned to 2-4 courses of injecting reflexotherapy according to the suggested methodology. The intensity of headache was assessed on the basis of scores on the Visual Analogous Scale (VAS). The quality of life was evaluated in all the patients with the aid of the SF-36 survey.Results. In both clinical groups there was decrease in quality of life in all scales except physical function (PF). All patients positively evaluated the results of the treatment. The intensity of pain reduced to 1,7±0,78 points (p<0,05) in the 1st group and 1,65±0,79 (p<0,05) in the 2nd group. As a result of the treatment, quality of life improved significantly in all scales except social function (SF). This index didn't statistically differ in both groups (p>0,05).Conclusion. CTTH significantly affect physical and mental components of patients’ health. The results obtained from the study showed the potential use of injecting reflexotherapy as treatment for CTTH

THE PATHOPHYSIOLOGICAL BASIS OF TENSION-TYPE HEADACHE

Modern views of pathogenesis of tension type headache (TTH) have changed considerably over the past decades. The review presents the analysis of domestic and foreign sources reflects the base mechanisms of formation of TTH. The paper discusses the role of nervous, endocrinous, immune and vascular systems in forming of TTH. It shows that tension-type headache is a polygenic disease

Role of hormonal factor in development of primary and secondary tumorous process in the brain

Introduction. Causes of the development onset of primary malignant cerebral neoplasms have not yet been determined. Not excluded is a possibility of unfavorable effect of the environment, genetic abnormalities, changes alterations in the hormonal background as well as metabolism, ionizing radiation: possible is also the role of viral infections and injuries. One of the main most severest complications of malignant tumors remain are metastatic lesions of the central nervous system whose proportion increases as with the patients’ longlivity. Cerebral metastases of malignant tumors are encountered more often than primary neoplasms of the central nervous system. The brain is not only a hormone-dependent organ the effect of sex hormones as early the embryonic state conditions normal development of the body as a whole and controls the sex related differentiation. It is known that neurons and glyocites like gonads and adrenal glands are able to produce steroid hormones. The enzymes responsible for the synthesis of neurosteroids were detected in the brain tissue in the embryonic period of the development. The human brain is not only a hormone-dependent organ effect influence of sex hormones as early as in the embrional state conditiones normal development of the body as a whole and controls sexual gender differentiation. It is known that neurons and glyocytes like gonads and adrenal glands are able to produce steroid hormones. Enzymes responsible for synthesis of neurosteroids were revealed in cerebral tissue both in during the embryonic period of the development and in adult condition. Besides there are have been obtained large amount of data on the presence in the cerebral cells of receptors to steroidal hormones. In various periods of life the influence effect exerted by steroids on nervous cells can change the morphofunctional state of the brain and manifests as altering myelinization, neuronal growth, and differentiation of nerve cells.The present study was aimed at comparing the level of certain some hormones in tissue of glioblastomes, metastases of breast cancer into the brain and meningiomas, as well as the respective peritumoral zones.Materials and methods. Examined were samples of tissue obtained from a total of 56 patients admitted for operative treatment to our Department. Of these, 24 glioblastomas, 19 breast cancer metastases to the brain, 13 meningiomes without peritumoral edema. The histological control was carried out in all cases. The patients’ age varied form 35 to 72 years. During operative interventions we carried out removed neoplasms of the brain followed by biochemical study of the samples of tumor tissue and immediately adjoining to the tumorous foci tissue (perifocal zone). In 10 % of cytozolic fractions of tissue prepared on the potassium-phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 containing 0.15 of Tween-20 and 1 % of bovine serum albumin by means of immunoenzymatic assay (IEA) using standard test systems we determined the level of steroid hormones – cortisole, testosterone, progesterone, estradiole, estriole, prolactine (IEA, HEMA, Russia) estrone (IEA, DBC, Canada) as well as sex-steroid-binding globulin (IEA, Alcor-Bio, Russia) and hormones of adrenohypophysis – adrenocorticotropine (ACTH) and somatotropic hormone (STH).Results. The obtained findings showed that the most hormonally saturated were metastases of breast cancer. In them along with elevated levels of cortisole, prolactine ACTH and STH concentrations whose concentrations increased virtually in any proliferative process we determined growth of saturation of tissues with estrone and free testosterone on the background of decrease level of active metabolite of estrogens – estriole. Besides, disorders of the steroid metabolism also touched the perifocal zone. Presence of glioblastoma turned out characteristic of identity of tumorous tissue and the perifocal zone by the level of cortizole, which is not found observed if tumors of other genesis. In case of glioblastoms and their perifocal zones the ratio of cortizole to ACTH excedded the norm 2.1–2.5-fold. Meningiomas revealed high concentration of cortisole, ACTH, prolactine, STH, testosterone and sex-binding globulin, as well as a low level of progesterone. In the present study meningiomas turned out liders of production of prolactine and STH as well as estriolle with sufficiently low activity. However alterations of the hormonal background of meningiomas are local isolated form the rest tissues of the brain. Probably, increase of the level of prolactine and STH in tumor tissue is a marker of proliferation, but not malignant cell transformatio

Our experience in the treatment of metastatic lesions of the brain and spine in primary pochechnokletochnyj cancer

Metastatic brain and spine when kidney cancer is one of the leading places. Surgical treatment with subsequent targeted therapy did not significantly improve the lifetime and the duration of DFS in this group of patients. A comparative study of simultaneous operated patients clear cell carcinoma kidney cancer with subsequent targeted therapy Nexavar and patients operated two-stage, with removal of the primary lesion, then - metastatic and subsequent targeted therapy has shown the feasibility of simultaneous operations. The life expectancy of patients, simultaneous operated above. However, a significant increase is not marked, that makes us keep looking for new ways to solve the proble

METASTASIS OF LUNG CANCER IN THE TENTORIUM OF THE CEREBELLUM, SIMULATING A MENINGIOMA

In the literature already described cases of metastasis to the dura (dura) of various cancers. In our observation, the patient was 43 years metastasis of lung cancer (MRI) faked a meningioma of the lateral surface of the Tentorium of cerebellum with compression mediobasal divisions of the right temporal lobe. The patient was operated, histological studies metastasis of papillary adenocarcinoma of the lung in the dura of the tentorium of cerebellum with areas of tumor invasion into the dura. Conclusions on a fairly frequent asymptomatic course of primary tumors, with the manifestation of their brain metastases. The patients with known brain tumors are subject to mandatory search of the primary tumor to exclude metastatic brain lesions and timely initiation of adequate comprehensive treatment

Some growth factors in neoplastic tissues of brain tumors of different histological structure

Introduction. Pathologic angiogenesis is typical for angiogenic diseases including tumor growth. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), transforming growth factor alpha and beta (which are also known as “triggers” of angiogenesis), and other factors (Gacche, Meshram, 2013; Nijaguna et al., 2015) play a special role in its development. Evaluation of the important mechanisms of angiogenesis in physiological and pathological conditions remains to be a subject of heightened interest for the past 30 years. It is known that VEGF A is the main trigger of growing blood vessels into the tumor tissue. This is specific mitogen signal for endothelial cells that triggers the mechanisms of cell division and migration. VEGF-induced tumor vasculature has a number of structural and functional features that provide growth and progression of tumors, including increased permeability of blood vessels and their chaotic arrangement.Objective: to study in comparative aspect the level of certain growth factors in the following tissues: glioblastomas, brain metastasis of the breast cancer, meningiomas as well as corresponding peritumoral areas.Materials and methods. Tissue samples were obtained from 56 patients admitted to the surgical treatment in Rostov Research Institute of Oncology: 24 patients had glioblastomas, 19 patients had brain metastasis of the breast cancer, 13 patients with meningiomas without peritumoral edema. Histological control was carried out in all cases. Age of patients ranged from 35 to 72 years. The level of growth factor was detected in the samples of tumor tissue and regions immediately adjacent to the tumor foci (peritumoral area) by the method of immunoassay and using standard test systems. The following growth factor were detected: VEGF-A and its receptors VEGF-R1 (BenderMedSystem, Austria), VEGF-C and its receptor VEGF-R3 (BenderMedSystem, Austria), EGF (Biosource, USA), IFR-1 and IFR-2 (Mediagnost, USA), TGF-β1 (BenderMedSystem, Austria).Results. We have found both common and distinctive features in the content of growth factors in neoplastic tissues of different histological structure and corresponding peritumoral areas. Common metabolic features of glioblastomas, brain metastases and meningiomas include various increase in the level of VEGF-A, VEGF-R1, VEGF-C, IFR-1, IFR-2 and VEGF-C/VEGF-R3 index ratio. Differences included the fact that the level of VEGF-R3 and TGF-β1 did not increase in the benign tumor, while the level of EGF and VEGF-A/VEGF-R1 index ratio were below the control values in contrast to the values of malignant tumors.Conclusions• In the neoplastic tissues of glioblastomas and peritumoral area there is a strong positive correlation between the level of VEGF-A with the level of EGF, IGF-1, IGF-II and TGF-β1.• In the metastatic tissue there is a strong positive correlation between the level of VEGF-A with the level of EGF, IGF-1, IGF-II and TGF-β1. However, correlations had a different nature in the peritumoral zone tissues near to metastases: there was a strong positive correlation of VEGF-A level with TGF-β1 only, while there was a strong negative correlation with the level of IGF-1 and IGF-II, there were no correlations with EGF level.• In meningioma tissues VEGF-A levels correlated only with the level of insulin-like growth factors: there was a strong positive correlation with IGF-1 and IGF-II, correlation has been found with the level of EGF and TGF-β1.• In descending order VEGF-C was detected in glioblastoma tissue, in metastatic tumors, meningiomas, peritumoral zones of glioblastomas and metastases. However, in all of these samples the level of the studied factor significantly exceeded the value in intact brain tissue. VEGFR-3 level was elevated in glioblastoma tissue only