CHARACTERIZATION AT PROTEIN LEVEL OF THE NEW aS1 CASEIN ALLELE IRV DISCOVERED IN ROMANIAN GREY STEPPE CATTLE BREED MOLDAVIAN VARIETY

In this paper we describe the characterization at the protein level of S1-casein I RV allele discoveredin Romanian Grey Steppe Cattle Moldavian variety, an autochthon Bos Taurus Primigenius breedbelonging Grey cattle family. In order to identify the aminoacid/s substitution/s, responsible/s for theappearance of this new S1 variant, milk samples, collected from 2 cows previously identified ascarriers of mutant S1 allele in heterozygous condition (BIRV, CIRV) and 2 reference samples (BB,CC),were purified by RP-HPLC. After purification, S1-casein fraction collected from each sample wassubmitted to hydrolysis and tryptic hydrolysates were analyzed by mass spectrometry (MALDI-Tof andOrbitrap). The only possible substitution found is concerning the glutamine (Q) residue codified bycodons from exons 8, 9 or 11. This is under study also at DNA level. This discovery could clarify thephylogenetic relationships between Romanian Grey Steppe Cattle, Moldavian Variety (autochthon BosTaurus Primigenius) and their cousins from Africa and Asia

Y-chromosomal haplogroups from wild and domestic goats reveal ancient migrations and recent introgressions

By its paternal transmission, Y-chromosomal haplotypes are sensitive markers of population history and male-mediated introgression. We used whole-genome sequences (WGSs) of 386 domestic goats from 75 modern breeds and 7 wild goat species generated by the VarGoats goat genome project. Phylogenetic analyses indicated five domestic haplogroups Y1AA, Y1AB, Y1B, Y2A and Y2B. Haplogroup distributions for 180 domestic breeds indicate ancient paternal population bottlenecks during the migration into northern Europe, southern Asia and Africa. Sharing of haplogroups reveals male-mediated introgressions: from Asia into Madagascar and, more recently, into the South-African Boer goat; then from this breed into other southeastern African goats; and from Europe into native Korean and Ugandan goats. This study illustrates the power of the Y-chromosomal variation for the reconstructing the history of domestic species with a wide geographic range