Nonequilibrium plasmons with gain in graphene

Graphene supports strongly confined transverse-magnetic sheet plasmons whose spectral characteristics depend on the energetic distribution of Dirac particles. The question arises whether plasmons can become amplified when graphene is pumped into a state of inversion. In establishing a theory for the dynamic non-equilibrium polarizability, we are able to determine the exact complex-frequency plasmon dispersion of photo-inverted graphene and study the impact of doping, collision loss, and temperature on the plasmon gain. We calculate the spontaneous emission spectra and carrier recombination rates self-consistently and compare the results with approximations based on Fermi's golden rule. Our results show that amplification of plasmons is possible under realistic conditions but inevitably competes with ultrafast spontaneous emission, which for intrinsic graphene, is a factor 5 faster than previously estimated. This work casts new light on the nature of non-equilibrium plasmons and may aid the experimental realization of active plasmonic devices based on graphene.Comment: 17 pages, 7 figures, published in PR

The Language of Advertising in Billboards across Palestine

Businesses around the world communicate and advertise for their products through different modes, such as billboards. While there is research on the language of advertising in the Arab world (Al-Olayan& Karande 2000; El-daly 2011; Kalliny& Gentry 2007), there is no research on the language of advertising or more specific advertising using billboards in Palestine. This paper analyzed the language of advertising in billboards throughout various Palestinian regions. The aim of this study was to answer the following questions: What languages or language varieties are used on billboards in various areas of Palestine? How do these billboards seek to persuade consumers in Palestine to buy products or services? Thirty-two distinct billboards across Palestine were analyzed according to Bhatia’s (1992) and Piller’s (2003) frameworks (as cited in Baumgardner& Brown’s, 2012) for analyzing English in magazine advertising using tools from sociolinguistics, linguistics, and multimodal discourse analysis. The results showed that Arabic was used mostly on the billboards for both international/multinational and local companies. International/multinational companies used Modern Standard Arabic (MSA), while local companies used Palestinian Arabic. Applying Schrank’s manipulation of language techniques (as cited by Prelipceanu, 2013) on the data revealed that Palestinian advertisers tended to use the same techniques as other advertisers around the world to persuade consumers to buy products or services. Furthermore, certain dimensions of the Palestinian culture were depicted on the billboards. The study revealed that Palestine is not as receptive to foreignism as expected, and that the billboards were not inclusive of the entire Palestinian culture. This study emphasizes the need to conduct a future research on a larger number of billboards in different places in Palestine and to study language use in other forms of advertising in Palestine as well

Gastroesophageal reflux disease with erosive ulcerative reflux esophagitis

Scientific advisers: Ass. Prof. Zhuravka N.V. Assoc. Prof. Bogun L.V

The Effects of Age, Ethnicity, Sexual Dysfunction, Urinary Incontinence, Masculinity, and Relationship with the Partner on the Quality of Life of Men with Prostate Cancer

Prostate cancer, the leading cause of cancer in men, has positive survival rates and constitutes a challenge to men with its side effects. Studies have addressed the bivaritate relationships between prostate cancer treatment side effects masculinity, partner relationship, and quality of life (QOL). However, few studies have highlighted the relationships among prostate cancer treatment side effects (i.e., sexual dysfunction, urinary incontinence), masculinity, and relationship with the partner together on QOL in men. Most studies were conducted with predominately Caucasian sample of men. Miami is a unique multiethnic setting that hosts Cuban, Columbian, Venezuelan, Haitian, other Latin American and Caribbean communities that were not represented in previous literature. The purpose of this study was to examine relative contributions of age, ethnicity, sexual dysfunction, urinary incontinence, masculinity, and perception of the relationship with the partner on the quality of life in men diagnosed with prostate cancer. Data were collected using self administered questionnaires measuring demographic variables, sexual and urinary functioning (UCLA PCI), masculinity (CMNI), partner relationship (DAS), and QOL (SF-36). A total of 117 partnered heterosexual men diagnosed with prostate cancer were recruited from four urology clinics in Miami, Florida. Men were 67.47 (SD = 8.42) years old and identified themselves to be of Hispanic origin (54.3 %, n = 63). Findings demonstrated that there was a significant moderate negative relationship between urinary and sexual functioning of men. There was a significant strong negative association between men’s perceived relationship with partner and masculinity. There was a weak negative relationship between the partner relationship and QOL. Hierarchal multiple regression showed that the partner relationship (β = -.25, t (91) = -2.28, p = .03) significantly contributed overall to QOL. These findings highlight the importance of the relationship satisfaction in the QOL of men with prostate cancer. Nursing interventions to enhance QOL for these men should consider strengthening the relationship and involving the female partner as an active participant

Smart Administration of Crises and their Economic Effects: A Case Study of the Novel Coronavirus (Covid-19) at the Saudi Universities

The present research aims to identify the role of smart administration in addressing crises and their economic effects, the role of Saudi universities in facing Coronavirus, and the role of academic leaders in activating smart administration that helps face crises at the Saudi universities throughout the outbreak of the novel Coronavirus. The author adopted the descriptive approach and a questionnaire, consisting of (147) items, was applied to a sample of the Saudi university leaders at Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), Umm Al-Qura University, King Khalid University, University of Hail, and King Faisal University. The results showed that the degree of businessmen’s satisfaction with electronic economic seminars and conferences was moderate due to the little awareness of the relevant significance of smart administration. Moreover, Corona pandemic revealed the importance of these conferences and seminars, but businessmen were dissatisfied. Furthermore, the university administration was interested in delivering training courses to the personnel of the public relations department, which first handles crises. In addition, the academic leaders instructed faculty members to adopt digital curricula to reduce the educational crisis resulting from the spread of Coronavirus. The research recommends activating smart universities that comply with the environmental changes and empower the personnel to use the advanced technology to meet the requirements of the developmental plans as well as preparing a competent team to manage the university crises and equip its members with the modern technology that helps identify the information relevant to the present and the expected changes.