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    Discovery of a massive giant planet with extreme density around a sub-giant star TOI-4603

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    We present the discovery of a transiting massive giant planet around TOI-4603, a sub-giant F-type star from NASA's Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite (TESS). The newly discovered planet has a radius of 1.042−0.035+0.0381.042^{+0.038}_{-0.035} RJR_{J}, and an orbital period of 7.24599−0.00021+0.000227.24599^{+0.00022}_{-0.00021} days. Using radial velocity measurements with the PARAS {and TRES} spectrographs, we determined the planet's mass to be 12.89−0.57+0.5812.89^{+0.58}_{-0.57} MJM_{J}, resulting in a bulk density of 14.1−1.6+1.714.1^{+1.7}_{-1.6} g cm−3{cm^{-3}}. This makes it one of the few massive giant planets with extreme density and lies in the transition mass region of massive giant planets and low-mass brown dwarfs, an important addition to the population of less than five objects in this mass range. The eccentricity of 0.325±0.0200.325\pm0.020 and an orbital separation of 0.0888±0.00100.0888\pm0.0010 AU from its host star suggest that the planet is likely undergoing high eccentricity tidal (HET) migration. We find a fraction of heavy elements of 0.13−0.06+0.050.13^{+0.05}_{-0.06} and metal enrichment of the planet (ZP/ZstarZ_{P}/Z_{star}) of 4.2−2.0+1.64.2^{+1.6}_{-2.0}. Detection of such systems will offer us to gain valuable insights into the governing mechanisms of massive planets and improve our understanding of their dominant formation and migration mechanisms.Comment: accepted for publication in A&A Letter
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