Public Health and Patent Law to Access Medicine in India

India\u27s 1970 decision to include a process patent regime in its patent legislation is regarded as a reformative step that was a well-considered reaction to internal issues including the nation\u27s then-current socioeconomic realities. The primary goal of this research project has been to critically analyse the connections among public health, the global intellectual property law, and the availability of necessary medications, with a particular emphasis on India. The study\u27s main focus is the persistent issue of developing and least developed nations\u27 lack of access to reasonably priced medical care in the post-crisis age. This study aims to investigate the inherent barriers to intellectual property that impact medical access, excluding the impact of non-intellectual property impediments such as distribution, infrastructure, quality, and medical facilities. The purpose of this study is to examine how patent law affects drug accessibility while accounting for drug costs

Loss of Cultural Identity: An overview of Collections of Endangered Tribal Languages in Odisha

The culture and tradition of India is very rich and often considered scientific. The multifarious culture bears a great bondage among the people of India. It happens to be possible and people get illuminated due to varieties of practices and knowledge imparted with each other since time immemorial. Odisha and Odia languages have got its place in constitution but it needs serious attention of the Govt. and people of Odisha. The life is changed and the world has been quite small. The modern gadgets and technologies have searched almost everything that human being needs today. It is ironical that the human being is searching for new living and non-living species exists on earth but it is not finding out the marginalised voice which is still roaming around the jungle for mere food for their survival. We have marched almost six decades of independence and the modernity in language has attained such height that we have started coding human language into machinery language. Odisha is located on the eastern coast of India, it was carved out of the province of Bihar in 1936, since then numerous things have got changed. People are promised, dreamt and made to sleep with peace and the next day they find the life unchanged. It seems as if they have inherited the issues by their birth and death is awaited which would of course, bring them the ultimate solution. There are huge numbers of tribal languages in Odisha. It is observed that they have long practised culture, tradition, therapy, beliefs, systems, values, morals, ethics, etc. which could add greater knowledge to rest of the world, moreover they are expected to be treated with utmost empathy. The language becomes the only barrier for them to reach us. The existing Govt. and system plays politics with the innocence as well religion conversion is also alarming nation-wide

A Simple and Effective Method for Modelling a Catchment: A Case Study

Abstract Considering the scarcity of water all over the world and need t

Satellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research Inter-comparison Exercise (SICOME)

INCOIS is coordinating Satellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research (SATCORE) project SATCORE programme since XIth plan with an aim of long-term measurements of bio-optical properties in the Indian coastal waters. The principal aim of these measurements is continuous measurement of in situ bio-optical data for validation of existing ocean color algorithms, improvement, development of new bio-optical algorithms in coastal waters of India. INCOIS had identified 12 time series sampling transects along east and west of India for continuous measurement of bio-optical parameters. Regular in situ sampling and analysis at time series stations are carried out by sub-projects sanctioned under SATCORE program to various Research and Academic &D Institutions: Junagadh Agricultural University (Off Okha), NIO, Goa (Off Goa), Goa University (Off Goa), Mangalore University (Off Mangalore), CIFT, Kochi (Off Kochi), Annamalai University (Off Parangipettai), IIT Madras (Off Chennai), Andhra University (Off Visakhapatnam), CSBoB, Andhra University (Off Visakhapatnam), Berhampur University (Off Gopalpur), Jadavpur University (Off Frazergunj), CARI (ICAR) (A & N Islands). To ensure the accuracy of the parameters measured at vasrious laboratories at different time-series locations, Satellite Coastal and Oceanographic Research-Inter-comparison Exercises (SICOME) were conducted during 2014 and 2015. During SICOME samples of Optically Active Substances i.e chlorophyll-a (chl-a), coloured dissolved organic matter (CDOM) and total suspended matter (TSM) were collected from one location. The master samples were immediately analyzed and duplicate samples were sent to different SATCORE laboratories. All the fluorometers were calibrated with teh standards for chlorophyll-a, Chromophoric Dissolved Organic Matter (CDOM) and Turbidity. All five Radiometers were also operated simultaneously to estimate the instrument bias. The document provides results of the instrument and analytical bias for same samples analyzed at various SATCORE laboratories so as to maintain the data quality for international standard

Prediction of fatigue crack propagation life in single edge notched beams using exponential model.

Metal beams are extensively used in structures, automobile sectors and machine components. Some of their applications include connecting rod of IC engine, shafts, axles, and gears, structures members of bridges and also components of machines. Most of them experience fluctuating or cyclic load condition in their service life‟s such loading conditions may initiate a crack and cause fatigue crack growth. The monitoring and modeling of fatigue crack growth are necessary for the stability and safety of machines and structures. In the present investigation an attempt has been made to develop a fatigue life prediction methodology by using an Exponential Model in single edge notched (SEN) cracked beams. The predicted results are compared with experimental crack growth data. It has been observed that the results obtained from the models are in good agreement with experimental data

A Simple and Effective Method for Modelling a Catchment: A Case Study

Abstract Considering the scarcity of water all over the world and need t

Imprint of cyclone Phailin on water quality of Chilika lagoon

The very severe cyclonic storm Phailin, a category-5 hurricane, was developed over the north of Andaman and Nicobar Islands on 9 October 2013. Subsequently, it propagated towards north-northwest and made landfall at the Gopalpur coast, Odisha on 12 October1. Chilika lagoon, the largest brackish water lagoon in Asia, is in close proximity to Gopalpur

Oil pollution in Chilika lagoon: An anthropogenic threat to biodiversity

Chilika lagoon is situated on the east coast of India and is spread over three districts of Odisha, namely Puri, Khordha and Ganjam. The water spread area varies between 1165 and 906sq.km during monsoon and summer respectively. It is a hot spot for biodiversity, and the largest wintering ground for migratory avian guests on the Indian sub-continent

Distribution of hydro-biological parameters in coastal waters off Rushikulya Estuary, East Coast of India: A premonsoon case study

The hydro-biological parameters of coastal waters off Rushikulya estuary was investigated during premonsoon 2011. Important hydro-biological parameters such as water temperature, salinity, pH, DO, NO2, NO3, NH4, PO4, SiO4, TSM, Chl-α, phytoplankton and zooplankton were measured during the present study. Temperature established a strong positive correlation with salinity and pH during the present study. Chl-α found in positive relation with NO3, SiO4 and TSM. Analysis of variance revealed significant monthly variation in pH, salinity and TSM. Significant station wise variation was observed in DO and most of the nutrients i.e., NO3, NH4, PO4, SiO4. A total of 119 species of phytoplankton were identified of which 84 species are of diatoms, 22 species of dinoflagellates, 7 species of green algae, 5 species of cyanobacteria (blue green algae) and 1 species of cocolithophore. Phytoplankton abundance varied between 25543 (Nos. L-1) and 36309 (Nos. L-1). Diatoms dominated the phytoplankton community followed by dinoflagellates in all the months. Diatoms contributed to 82-89 of the total phytoplankton population density whereas dinoflagellates contributed to 6-12. The regression between Chl-α and phytoplankton abundance resulted with weak relation (R2 = 0.042). Zooplankton fauna composed of 134 species of holoplankton and 20 types of meroplankton were encountered during the study period. Zooplankton population dominated by copepod during all months and accounted for 74 to 85 to the total zooplankton. The population density ranged from 6959 to 35869 Nos./10 m3. Analysis of variance explained no significant variation in total zooplankton abundance and also for different groups of zooplankton

Biological implications of cyclone Hudhud in the coastal waters of northwestern Bay of Bengal

A very severe cyclonic storm, Hudhud, equivalent to a category-4 hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane wind scale (SSHWS), originated in the Andaman Sea on 6 October 2014. The cyclone propagated west-northwestward and made landfall near Visakhapatnam, northern coast of Andhra Pradesh on 12 October 2014. The study area, Gopalpur (southern coast of Odisha) was in the active influence zone of Hudhud and in close proximity (~260 km north) to the landfall point (Figure 1). This region is an important mass nesting rookery for vulnerable olive ridley sea turtles, which aggregate for breeding in the coastal waters off Odisha from November to May1. This region is also identified as a time-series station under the SATellite Coastal and Oceanographic REsearch (SATCORE) programme coordinated by the Indian National Centre for Ocean Information Services (INCOIS); it is being monitored since 2009