The key elements of conducting load-to-fracture mechanical testing on restoration-tooth units in restorative dentistry

Biomimetic restorative dentistry strives to replace lost tooth tissue by biomaterials with similar physical properties. In order to do so, mechanical testing of dental restorative materials on their own and later in dental cavities is highly important. During this process dentists and engineers are collaborating aiming to set the indications of certain restorative materials and application techniques. In vitro fracture resistance testing of a restored tooth is one of the most important tests to be carried out during the indication setting process. However, for this specific test and received results to be valid for clinicians, the group conducting the tests must pay attention to mimic intraoral conditions as much as possible. The article aims at identifying the key elements of fracture resistance tests in dentistry. Adequately conducting this test is a prerequisite for later testing in in vivo conditions the restorative techniques that produced the best results among the in vitro tests

Behavior of the structure of different materials under static force

The subject of rheology is the study of force-induced deformation and creep in materials, taking into account the effect of time too. The purpose of the measurements is to study time-dependent tension-deformation correlations, which include creep and tension-relaxation parameters, and viscosity. Due to the characteristic structure of biological materials, we try to introduce rheology through different materials. Our samples also include soft, semi-hard and hard materials from fish meat to human teeth. It is very clear from the obtained results that the internal structure of each material is influenced by many factors. These factors also interact with each other and they cannot be standardized in a single study

The key elements of conducting load-to-fracture mechanical testing on restoration-tooth units in restorative dentistry

Biomimetic restorative dentistry strives to replace lost tooth tissue by biomaterials with similar physical properties. In order to do so, mechanical testing of dental restorative materials on their own and later in dental cavities is highly important. During this process dentists and engineers are collaborating aiming to set the indications of certain restorative materials and application techniques. In vitro fracture resistance testing of a restored tooth is one of the most important tests to be carried out during the indication setting process. However, for this specific test and received results to be valid for clinicians, the group conducting the tests must pay attention to mimic intraoral conditions as much as possible. The article aims at identifying the key elements of fracture resistance tests in dentistry. Adequately conducting this test is a prerequisite for later testing in in vivo conditions the restorative techniques that produced the best results among the in vitro tests

Ten years of housing estate rehabilitation in Budapest

At the turn of the millennium about one third of the inhabitants of Budapest lived at housing estates. Since then this rate has slightly declined because of new constructions. Demographic trends have also contributed to the decrease of the share of population living on housing estates. The rate of ageing is especially high in case of the older housing estates, nevertheless, the share of the families with children has still remained above average. The rehabilitation of large housing estates seems to be the best way to avoid their demographic erosion and social decline. This paper explores the rehabilitation initiatives carried out in Budapest in the last decade, with special attention to their outcomes, and their effects. We also examine whether renovations resulted in some new socio-spatial differentiations at large housing estates

Physico-mechanical investigations on different winter wheat varieties

In Hungary the wheat flour is the basic food product. The flour consumption is reducing in the last years and changes the claim the compound of the flour. The consumption of the fine flour is increase, so the baking industries have to use fine flour. Grain texture (hardness) in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major determinant of end-usage. Wheat kernel hardness determines quality, flour yield, flour particle-size, water absorption and other quality characteristics of cereals. The hardness is determined by the degree of adhesion between various components of the starchy endosperm cells of the mature wheat grain, notably between starch granules and matrix (gluten) proteins but also between proteins and cell walls. The aim of my research was to determine the kernel hardness with new static methods. To the static methods I used the Lloyd 1000 R Testing Machines and the Instron 5581. I determined the kernel hardness with the well-known and recognized method also. It was the Perten Single Kernel Characterization System (SKCS) 4100 device, NIR technic and the Perten 3303 lab mill. They are the dynamic methods. Registered and widely used Hungarian wheat varieties were applied in the study. It was 23 different winter wheat varieties (13 of HRWW and 10 of SRWW). The samples were labelled with code number. My aim was to compare these methods