An Examination of Preservice Teachers’ 21st Century Learner and Teacher Skills Based on Different Variables

This study examined the levels of preservice teachers’ 21st century learner and teacher skills and the relationship between these two types of skills in terms of different variables. This study was a correlational survey. The data were collected using three instruments: the “21st Century Learner Skills Use Scale” and the “21st Century Teacher Skills Use Scale” developed by Orhan (2016) and a “Personal Information Form” prepared by the researcher. The population of the study consisted of preservice teachers studying at a state university located in the Eastern Anatolia Region of Turkey in the spring semester of the academic year of 2018–2019. The sample consisted of 445 preservice teachers determined by using the simple random sampling method from among the departments determined based on the cluster sampling method. Based on the results of the study, the use of the learner and teacher skills of the preservice teachers differed significantly depending on different variables such as gender, grade level and department, and there was a positive significant correlation between their uses of learner and teacher skills. It is hoped that the study will contribute to preservice teachers and the literature in terms of teacher competencies and education

Podwiązanie tętnicy biodrowej wewnętrznej w ciężkim krwotoku poporodowym

Objective: To evaluate the outcomes of bilateral internal iliac artery ligation (IIAL) in severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). Design: Multi-center, retrospective study. Methods: The study was performed from January 2005 to December 2010, at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic, Dicle University Medical Faculty and Maternity Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turkey. Life-threatening cases of severe postpartum hemorrhage, which could not be controlled with conservative medical and surgical treatments and finally managed with IIAL, were retrospectively evaluated. Results: Totally 53 patients who underwent IIAL procedures were included in the study. All patients were hemodynamically unstable. The mean shock index and transfused units of blood were 1.17±0.46, 5.49±3.04, respectively. Uterine atony was the leading cause of severe postpartum hemorrhage and the need for IIAL. Coagulopathy developed in 26 (49.1%) patients during the postoperative follow-up period. Uterus was preserved in 17 (32.0%) cases. Three patients died of complications and/or morbidity associated with hemorrhage. Conclusion: Serious PPH is most frequently associated with uterine atony and IIAL should be considered in cases with severe PPH unresponsive to other treatment modalities. If, in the antenatal period, patients have risk factors of postpartum hemorrhage, they must be transferred to appropriate centers to prevent a possibly fatal outcome.Cel pracy: Ocena wyników podwiązania tętnicy biodrowej wewnętrznej (IIAL) w ciężkim krwotoku poporodowym (PPH). Metoda: Wieloośrodkowe retrospektywne badanie przeprowadzono w okresie od stycznia 2005 do grudnia 2010 w Klinice Położnictwa i Ginekologii w Dickle University Medical Faculty and Maternity Hospital, Diyarbakir, Turcja. Oceniono przypadki zagrażającego życiu krwotoku poporodowego, który nie poddawał się leczeniu zachowawczemu i operacyjnemu i u których ostatecznie wykonano IIAL. Wyniki: Do badania włączono 53 pacjentki, które przeszły procedurę IIAL. Wszystkie pacjentki były niestabilne hemodynamicznie. Średni wskaźnik wstrząsu i ilość przetoczonych jednostek krwi wynosiły odpowiednio, 1,17±0,46, 5,49±3,04. Główną przyczyną ciężkiego krwotoku poporodowego i konieczności wykonania procedury IIAL była atonia macicy. Koagulopatia rozwinęła się u 26 pacjentek w okresie pooperacyjnym. Macicę zachowano w 17 przypadkach. Trzy pacjentki zmarły z powodu powikłań i stanów związanych z krwotokiem. Wnioski: Ciężki krwotok poporodowy jest najczęściej związany z atonią macicy a procedura IIAL powinna być rozważona w przypadkach ciężkiego krwotoku po porodzie niepoddającego się innemu leczeniu. Jeśli w okresie przedporodowym pacjentka ma czynniki ryzyka krwotoku poporodowego, powinna być przekazana do odpowiedniego centrum aby zapobiec możliwym śmiertelnym następstwom