Biofloc farming with IoT and machine learning predictive water quality system

Biofloc fish farming system depends on full-time monitoring of water quality. The Internet of Things (IoT) can play a vital role in promoting development. However, only a few are able to do stream or real-time predictive analytics at a high cost. Therefore, This article introduces a Biofloc monitoring system based on IoT., which is proficient in performing stream analytics and predictive at a lower cost. This paper evaluates the predictive analytics of the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) based on Percentage Error (PE) and Prediction Accuracy (PA). Findings show that ARIMA's PE is 1.96%, 7.83 %, 1.78%, 12.17%, 4.52% and 0.58%, for DO, EC, pH TDS, Temperature and water volume, respectively which led to achieving higher prediction accuracy (PA) percentage of 98.03%, 92.16%, 98.21%, 87.82%, 95.47% and 99.41% correspondingly

Smart home applications based on internet of things: Current scenario, issues and proposed solutions

The increasing deployment of the Internet of Things (IoT) across the globe has brought several issues in smart home applications to the forefront: the energy consumption of running these applications inside Home Area Networks (HAN) and the hungry bandwidth devices associated with the home appliance. Also, most of the recent growth in wireless network technologies makes it difficult to develop a standardization model to deploy IoT-related applications such as smart home applications. Several proposed solutions tackle the challenges associated with smart home applications, such as using low-power consumption wireless technologies like Zigbee. This article presents an overview of the state-of-the-art in the design, deployment, and challenges related to smart home IoT applications. The article also provides future recommendations for effective implementations of smart home applications

A review of multiple access techniques and frequencies requirements towards 6G

The fifth generation (5G) wireless network was a revolution. However, the rapid expansion of new applications such as extended reality, telemedicine, and the internet of everything necessitates higher data speeds, lower latency, and more reliability. These needs inspire academics and industries to introduce the sixth generation (6G) to overcome the limitations of 5G and meet the demands of future applications. This article reviews the 6G vision and proposed technologies that expect to be used in the 6G network benefits and challenges. This review's contribution investigates multiple access techniques, focusing on filter bank multi-carrier. These multiple-access techniques were studied and compared in terms of spectrum efficiency, cyclic prefix, and MIMO compatibility. We found that FBMC is the best candidate for 6G

Design of a low-cost IoT-based biofloc water quality monitoring system

This paper proposes an IoT-based BFT water monitoring system that can measure water parameters such as pH, DO, TDS, and EC. The collected data is displayed remotely via the BLYNK cloud and Node-RED via an MQTT broker. Moreover, a mobile application monitors all water parameters in real-time, notifying users when a parameter exceeds the ideal value. This study suggests that the proposed system based on IoT is an excellent option for a cost-effective BFT system

IoT-based Machine Learning Comparative Models of Stream Water Parameters Forecasting for Freshwater Lobster

Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH, and mineral content are important factors for aquaculture. Predictive analytics can predict water conditions in aquaculture and significantly reduce the mortality probability of aquaculture products. This paper applied stream predictive analytics to the freshwater lobster farming dataset where its real-time data supplied by End Node Unit (ENU) which integrated with dissolved oxygen (DO), potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The real-time data of ENU in Structured Query Language (SQL) is normally displayed for remote monitoring and the analytics will only be done after in different processing platform called batch analytics. Instead of batch, this paper demonstrates capability of stream analytics where the real-time data query from ENU streaming through Structured Query Language (SQL) right into R Studio and Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) predictions executed on the query table simultaneously on the same processing platform. Previously, ARIMA, Neural Network Autoregressive (NNETAR), and Naïve Bayes, were run and evaluated in R Studio to identify the best algorithm for stream analytics. Prediction procedure in R studio start with importing real-time data stored in SQL database and stream into R Studio using command of “dbGetQuery(con,sql)”. These three models evaluated the performance of freshwater lobster water conditions, dissolved oxygen (DO), potential hydrogen (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), and total dissolved solids (TDS). The data was collected for six months, and 70% was used as training data and 30% as test data. Compared to NNETAR and Naïve Bayes, ARIMA fits the entire data set well for 7 days; the ARIMA model exhibited lower absolute errors for pH and electrical conductivity, with errors ranging from 0.04 to 1.7 across days, while the NNETAR model had generally lower errors for TDS, with errors ranging from 0.3 to 0.7; however, the Naïve Bayes model's performance varied, with the lowest error for DO on day (5) 0.15 but higher errors for other parameters and days, including the highest error for electrical conductivity on day (6) 6.2. In conclusion, the average absolute errors for DO, pH, EC, and TDS are 0.163, 0.064, 0.705, and 0.498, respectively. Our findings underscore the efficacy of ARIMA for comprehensive water quality via stream prediction while highlighting the nuanced strengths and weaknesses of each model in forecasting specific parameters. This study contributes to the aquaculture literature by providing a nuanced comparative analysis of predictive models tailored to freshwater lobster farming, emphasizing the imperative role of stream predictive modelling. It enables real-time monitoring of water quality parameters, ensuring prompt interventions to maintain optimal conditions, thereby minimizing risks, enhancing aquaculture productivity, and ultimately contributing to sustainable and efficient freshwater lobster farming practices

Integration of hybrid networks, AI, Ultra Massive-MIMO, THz frequency, and FBMC modulation toward 6g requirements : A Review

The fifth-generation (5G) wireless communications have been deployed in many countries with the following features: wireless networks at 20 Gbps as peak data rate, a latency of 1-ms, reliability of 99.999%, maximum mobility of 500 km/h, a bandwidth of 1-GHz, and a capacity of 106 up to Mbps/m2. Nonetheless, the rapid growth of applications, such as extended/virtual reality (XR/VR), online gaming, telemedicine, cloud computing, smart cities, the Internet of Everything (IoE), and others, demand lower latency, higher data rates, ubiquitous coverage, and better reliability. These higher requirements are the main problems that have challenged 5G while concurrently encouraging researchers and practitioners to introduce viable solutions. In this review paper, the sixth-generation (6G) technology could solve the 5G limitations, achieve higher requirements, and support future applications. The integration of multiple access techniques, terahertz (THz), visible light communications (VLC), ultra-massive multiple-input multiple-output ( μm -MIMO), hybrid networks, cell-free massive MIMO, and artificial intelligence (AI)/machine learning (ML) have been proposed for 6G. The main contributions of this paper are a comprehensive review of the 6G vision, KPIs (key performance indicators), and advanced potential technologies proposed with operation principles. Besides, this paper reviewed multiple access and modulation techniques, concentrating on Filter-Bank Multicarrier (FBMC) as a potential technology for 6G. This paper ends by discussing potential applications with challenges and lessons identified from prior studies to pave the path for future research