Modelling gambling time and economic assignments to weekly trip behaviour to gambling venues

Gambling behaviour, Gambling involvement, Time–economic modelling, Memoryless distributions, Venue hours,

Late holocene higher sea-level indicators from the South China coast

Dating of a relict shell horizon (Saccostrea cucullata) on Hong Kong Island located approximately 1.7 m above present day high tide level constrains the timing of a late Holocene higher sea-level. At 5140 ± 50 yr BP sea-level in the South China area was 4-5 m higher with respect to the Principal Datum (2.7 m below high tide mark) than at present

Comment on "mid-Holocene higher sea level indicators from the south China coast" by W.W.-S. Yim and G. Huang [Mar. Geol. 182 (2002) 225-230]: A regional perspective

The interpretation by Yim and Huang (2002) of our discovery of a relic encrustation of the oyster (Saccostrea cucullata) 1.9 m above the comparative present intertidal zone at Big Wave Bay on Hong Kong Island needs clarification. It is unlikely that a 4-5-m-higher mid-Holocene sea level is a corollary to this discovery. Their comments related to tidal variance and the incidence of storm surges do not explain the formation. Further, the discovery of the same formations in similar contexts for matching time periods in Malaysia, Indonesia, New Caledonia and Australia and the robust nature of data fits for the time elevation distributions support a global forcing effect, not local circumstances. © 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Late holocene higher sea-level indicators from the South China coast

Dating of a relict shell horizon (Saccostrea cucullata) on Hong Kong Island located approximately 1.7 m above present day high tide level constrains the timing of a late Holocene higher sea-level. At 5140 ± 50 yr BP sea-level in the South China area was 4-5 m higher with respect to the Principal Datum (2.7 m below high tide mark) than at present. © 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.link_to_subscribed_fulltex

Coasts as archives of the past

What roles have human impacts and natural processes had in shaping the evolution of our world’s coastlines during the Holocene? Where, when and how did natural processes such as sea level rise or societies transform the coastal zone? At what scales and rhythms did these changes took place? What can coastal archives tell us about human-environment interactions? Geoarchaeological research attempt to understand the interplay between culture and nature, and more particularly how environments and processes have played a role in Holocene human occupation of the coastal zone. This approach has drawn on the multidisciplinary study of geologic or biologic archives of information, to attempt to differentiate between anthropogenic and natural factors. Other landforms such as uplifted ancient shorelines are evidence for crustal movements in particular in areas of deglaciation and glacio-isostatic uplift. Stepped cliffs, uplifted notches, coastal staircases of ancient coral reefs or fixed biological sea-level indicators allow coastal scientists to reconstruct the history of relative sea-level variations or neotectonics along coastlines