61 research outputs found
Perception on the Causes and the Impacts of Climate Change on Ecosystem Services Provided by Cola nitida (Vent.) Schott & Endl in Nigeria
Kolanut (Cola nitida) is a tropical multipurpose agroforestry tree species in Nigeria, the species receives little attention from studies geared towards assessing the impact of climate change on the services it provides. The study investigated farmersâ views on the impacts of current changes in climatic variables on the ecosystem services the species provides in Nigeria. This study was conducted by interviewing farmers cultivating C. nitida, using the purposive sampling method and focus group discussion (FGD). Data were obtained by using structured questionnaires and interview sections. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results showed that about 96% of respondents revealed that climatic factors such as a change in rainfall pattern, drought, and temperature influenced the survival and fruiting patterns of Cola nitida in Nigeria. The regressions showed that age, gender, marital status, education level, and household size significantly influenced farmersâ perception of climate change. The results revealed that climate change will have a significant influence on the ecosystem services (productivity, supporting, cultural and regulating) provided by this species. Rural farmers should be encouraged to domesticate this species in Nigeria as mitigating measure to climate change and maximize the ecosystem services provided by Cola nitida for improved livelihood
Influence des systemes agraires sur la dynamique de regeneration naturelle du karite: Vitellaria paradoxa CF gaernt (Sapotaceae) en Côte D'Ivoire
The shea tree (Vitellaria paradoxa) is one of the wild species of socioeconomic and environmental interest, valorised by the local populations of Sudanese and Guinean savannas of Africa. To contribute to the development of management strategies in favour of the resource, an ecological survey was carried out, in order to assess the influence of agrarian systems on the regeneration dynamics of this naturally-occurring species. The survey was undertaken in 40 sampling units, distributed in two savannah regions of CĂŽte d'Ivoire. The results showed that shea natural regeneration dynamics varied from one area to the other. Under fallow systems, the number of young plantations was 960 in Tengrela, against 636 in Korhogo localities. similarly, in the fields, this number was 373 for young plantations in Tengrela, against 45 in Korhogo, using the same sample size. The number of young shea trees varied according to plant. Indeed, the number of young plantations inventoried in the two zones was 1596 in the fallows against 418 in the fields. Likewise, the number of adult trees was 2.5 times more important in the fallows than in the farmed fields. In the sampling unit, situated in the fields, Shea young plantations densities were 55 % in the manual system, 39 % in the harmessed system and 6 % in the towed system. For the same area sampled, the number of adult trees was 51, 20, and 13 in the manual, harnessed and towed systems, respectively. These differences show the influence of human activities on the natural regeneration of the shea tree. Le karitĂ© (Vitellaria paradoxa) est une espĂšce alimentaire sauvage d'intĂ©rĂȘt socio-Ă©conomique et environnemental suffisamment valorisĂ©e par les populations locales des savanes soudano-guinĂ©ennesd'Afrique. Pour contribuer au dĂ©veloppement des stratĂ©gies de gestion et d'utilisation durable des ressources de cette plante, un inventaire Ă©cologique a Ă©tĂ© conduit dans la perspective de cerner l'influencedes systĂšmes agraires sur la dynamique de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle de l'espĂšce. L'Ă©tude a Ă©tĂ© conduite dans 40 unitĂ©s d'Ă©chantillonnage rĂ©parties dans deux dĂ©partements de la rĂ©gion des savanes de CĂŽte d'Ivoire.Les rĂ©sultats montrent que la dynamique de rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle du karitĂ© a variĂ© d'un dĂ©partement Ă l'autre. Dans les jachĂšres, le nombre de jeunes plants de karitĂ© a Ă©tĂ© de 960 plants Ă Tengrela, contre 636Ă Korhogo. De mĂȘme, dans les champs, ce nombre a Ă©tĂ© de 373 jeunes plants Ă Tengrela et de 45 Ă Korhogo, sur la mĂȘme zone Ă©chantillonnĂ©e. Le nombre de jeunes karitĂ©s a variĂ© aussi, selon la formation vĂ©gĂ©tale.En effet, sur l'ensemble des deux zones Ă©chantillonnĂ©es, le nombre de jeunes karitĂ©s a Ă©tĂ© de 1596 plants dans les jachĂšres, contre 418 dans les champs. De mĂȘme, le nombre d'arbres adultes a Ă©tĂ© 2,5 fois plusimportant dans les jachĂšres que dans les champs. Sur les unitĂ©s d'Ă©chantillonnage situĂ©es dans les champs, le taux de jeunes plants de karitĂ© Ă©tĂ© de 55 % dans le systĂšme manuel, 39 % dans le systĂšme attelĂ©et 6 % dans le systĂšme tractĂ©. Pour la mĂȘme surface Ă©chantillonnĂ©e, le nombre d'arbres adultes a Ă©tĂ© de 51 dans le systĂšme manuel, contre 20 dans le systĂšme attelĂ© et 13 dans le systĂšme tractĂ©. Ces diffĂ©rencesrĂ©vĂšlent une influence des activitĂ©s anthropiques sur la rĂ©gĂ©nĂ©ration naturelle du karitĂ©
Richesse floristique des glumiflores de Grand- Bassam (CĂŽte dâIvoire°)
Objectif: Ătudier la diversitĂ© floristique des glumiflores de la zone cĂŽtiĂšre de Grand-Bassam.MĂ©thodologie et rĂ©sultats: LâĂ©tude de la diversitĂ© floristique des glumiflores de Grand-Bassam a Ă©tĂ© possible par la mise en place des placettes de 100 m2 dans divers biotopes du milieu dâĂ©tude. Cette mĂ©thode a permis de caractĂ©riser la flore du littoral ivoirien. Cette flore comprend 260 espĂšces appartenant Ă 105 genres et 40 familles botaniques. Sur lâensemble de ces familles, 5 sont dites prĂ©pondĂ©rantes car elles renferment Ă elles seules 77,30 % des espĂšces recensĂ©es. Ce sont : les Cyperaceae, les Euphorbiaceae, les Fabaceae, les Poaceae et les Rubiaceae. Les glumiflores sont prĂ©sentes avec 171 espĂšces (65,76 %) appartenant Ă deux familles (Poaceae et Cyperaceae). LâĂ©tude floristique parcellaire indique que le milieu cĂŽtier et le milieu inondĂ© sont moins pourvu en espĂšces avec respectivement 6 ± 4,39 ; 6,12 ± 4,12.Conclusion et application des rĂ©sultats: LâĂ©tude floristique des glumiflores montre la richesse floristique impressionnante de ces espĂšces dans la zone cĂŽtiĂšre de Grand- Bassam. Sur la base des rĂ©sultats et observations obtenus, nous recommandons la conservation des Ă©cosystĂšmes cĂŽtiers compte tenu de lâutilitĂ© de ces espĂšces. En effet, les services Ă©cosystĂ©miques rendus par ces glumiflores Ă la population de Grand.Bassam notamment: les services de rĂ©gulation, dâapprovisionnement, ontogĂ©niques et socio-culturels fournissent des biens dont les populations riveraines peuvent profiterEnglish Title: Floristic richness of the glumiflores of Grand-Bassam (CĂŽte d'Ivoire °)English AbstractObjective: To study the floristic diversity of glumiflora in the coastal area of Grand-Bassam.Methodology and results: The study of the floristic diversity of Grand Bassam glumiflora was possible by placing 100 m2 plots in various biotopes of the study environment. This method allowed to characterize the flora of the Ivorian coastline. This flora includes 260 species belonging to 105 genera and 40 botanical families. Of all these families, 5 are said to be predominant because they alone contain 77.30% of the listed species. These are : Cyperaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Fabaceae, Poaceae and Rubiaceae. Glumiflora are present with 171 species (65.76%) belonging to two families (Poaceae and Cyperaceae). The plot floristic study indicates that the coastal environment and the flooded environment are less filled with species with respectively 6 ± 4.39 ; 6.12 ± 4.12.Conclusion and application of results: The floristic study of glumiflora shows the impressive floristic richness of these species in the coastal area of Grand-Bassam. On the basis of these results, the conservation of the coastal ecosystems is recommeed taking into account the utility of these species on well-being and the ecosystem services rendered by these glumiflores to the population of Grand Bassam
Effects of cattle and poultry manures on organic matter content and adsorption complex of a sandy soil under cassava cultivation (Manihot esculenta, Crantz)
This study examined the A and B horizons of deep, developed and moderately unsaturated sandy ferrallitic soils amended with cattle and poultry manures under cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cultivation. Therefore, a plot experiment was carried out by using a randomized complete blocks design in 4 replications and fields treatments which included unfertilized (control) and one dose (10 t/ha) of both manures. The study of the different fractions of animal manures showed that the poultry had the greatest content of C (organic carbon), N (nitrogen), P (phosphorus), K (potassium), Ca (calcium) and C:N ratio (p < 0.01). However, the value of Mg (magnesium) in the studied manures was not significantly different (p < 0.01). The manure treatment significantly increased the soil organic matter contents from 0.46 to 2.8 and 1.1% respectively with poultry and cattle manures (p < 0.01). Organic fertilizer significantly increased the cation exchange capacity from 1.7 to 12.75 and 3.8 me:100 g and the bases saturation content from 47 to 80 and to 76% respectively with the poultry and cattle manures (p < 0.01). The organic fertilizer showed significant effect on earthworms populations Hyperiodrilus africanus (Oligochaeta, Eudrilidae) in the soil, with 128 and 85% respectively about the poultry and cattle manures compared to the control (p < 0.01).Key words: Cattle manure, poultry manure, cassava, organic matter, cation exchange capacity, basessaturation content
Evaluation de lâactivitĂ© des feuilles de Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) MĂŒll.-Arg (Euphorbiaceae) sur des bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes et criblage phytochimique
Mallotus oppositifolius (Geisel.) MĂŒll.-Arg (Euphorbiaceae) est une plante de la flore ivoirienne couramment utilisĂ©e en mĂ©decine traditionnelle dans le traitement de plusieurs pathologies telles que : la diarrhĂ©e, les infections urinaires, les plaies chroniques, lâulcĂšre de Burili... La complexitĂ© curative de certaines maladies associĂ©es Ă la rĂ©sistance bactĂ©rienne, a mis en Ă©vidence lâinefficacitĂ© de certains antibiotiques conventionnels. Lâobjectif de ce travail Ă©tait dâĂ©valuer lâactivitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne des extraits bruts hexanique, hydro-mĂ©thanolique et aqueux des feuilles de cette plante sur des bactĂ©ries multirĂ©sistantes et de caractĂ©riser les composĂ©s chimiques prĂ©sents dans lâextrait le plus efficace. La mĂ©thode de dilution en milieu liquide utilisant la gĂ©lose Muller-HintonÂź a permis dâĂ©valuer lâactivitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne de lâextrait. Pour le criblage phytochimique, la mĂ©thode de caractĂ©risation par chromatographie sur couche mince a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats obtenus montrent que les extraits aqueux et hydro-alcooliques ont Ă©tĂ© actifs sur toutes les souches étudiĂ©es et sont bactĂ©ricides sur la majoritĂ©. Le criblage phytochimique a mis en Ă©vidence une richesse en mĂ©tabolites secondaires tels que: les saponosides, les tanins, les flavonoĂŻdes, lactones sesquiterpĂšniques, les polyphĂ©nols, les alcaloĂŻdes, les coumarines pouvant ĂȘtre bĂ©nĂ©fiques dans la prise en charge de nombreuses pathologies dont celles causĂ©es par les bactĂ©ries Ă©tudiĂ©es. Ce travail a permis de donner un fondement scientifique Ă lâutilisation de Mallotus oppositifolius dans la pharmacopĂ©e traditionnelle notamment dans le traitement des pathologies bactĂ©riennes.Mots clĂ©s: AntibactĂ©rienne, plantes mĂ©dicinales, flore ivoirienne, extraits bruts, Mallotus oppositifolius
Evaluation in vitro de lâactivitĂ© des Ă©corces de tige de Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. et Perr. (Combretaceae) sur des bactĂ©ries responsables de maladies courantes en Afrique et criblage phytochimique
Les bactĂ©ries sont Ă lâorigine de rĂ©el problĂšme de santĂ© publique Ă cause de leur implication dans de nombreuses maladies. Leur rĂ©sistance aux antibiotiques est devenue lâun des problĂšmes les plus importants dans la lutte contre les maladies infectieuses dans le monde. Lâobjectif de ce travail est dâĂ©valuer lâactivitĂ© antibactĂ©rienne des extraits hexanique, mĂ©thanolique 70% (v/v) et aqueux des Ă©corces de tige de Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC) Guill. et Perr. (Combretaceae), une plante mĂ©dicinale de la flore ivoirienne, contre les bactĂ©ries des genres Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas et les entĂ©robactĂ©ries (Shigella sp., Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli et Proteus mirabilis) par la mĂ©thode de diffusion en milieu gĂ©losĂ© dans des cupules et la mĂ©thode de macro-dilution en milieu liquide . Les extraits aqueux et mĂ©thanolique 70% (v/v) ont Ă©tĂ© retenus pour la dĂ©termination des paramĂštres antibactĂ©riens (CMI et CMB), en raison de leurs activitĂ©s sur lâensemble des bactĂ©ries sĂ©lectionnĂ©es. Par ailleurs, une analyse qualitative par chromatographie sur couche mince (CCM), effectuĂ©e sur les diffĂ©rents extraits, a permis de dĂ©tecter plusieurs groupes de composĂ©s chimiques parmi lesquels les saponosides, les tanins, les flavonoĂŻdes, les polyphĂ©nols, les alcaloĂŻdes et les sesquiterpĂšnes dont des effets antibactĂ©riens sont connus. Les CMI obtenues, sont comprises entre 0,7 ± 0,0 et 12,5 ± 0,0 mg/ml. Quant aux CMB, elles varient de 3,1 ± 0,0 Ă 25,0 ± 0,0 mg/ml. Ce travail justifie lâutilisation traditionnelle de Anogeissus leiocarpus dans le traitement de diverses pathologies et plus particuliĂšrement celles dâorigine bactĂ©rienne.Mots clĂ©s : AntibactĂ©rienne, Anogeissus leiocarpus, flore ivoirienne, analyse qualitative
A Trial of Early Antiretrovirals and Isoniazid Preventive Therapy in Africa
BACKGROUND: In sub-Saharan Africa, the burden of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated tuberculosis is high. We conducted a trial with a 2-by-2 factorial design to assess the benefits of early antiretroviral therapy (ART), 6-month isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT), or both among HIV-infected adults with high CD4+ cell counts in Ivory Coast. METHODS: We included participants who had HIV type 1 infection and a CD4+ count of less than 800 cells per cubic millimeter and who met no criteria for starting ART according to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Participants were randomly assigned to one of four treatment groups: deferred ART (ART initiation according to WHO criteria), deferred ART plus IPT, early ART (immediate ART initiation), or early ART plus IPT. The primary end point was a composite of diseases included in the case definition of the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), non-AIDS-defining cancer, non-AIDS-defining invasive bacterial disease, or death from any cause at 30 months. We used Cox proportional models to compare outcomes between the deferred-ART and early-ART strategies and between the IPT and no-IPT strategies. RESULTS: A total of 2056 patients (41% with a baseline CD4+ count of â„500 cells per cubic millimeter) were followed for 4757 patient-years. A total of 204 primary end-point events were observed (3.8 events per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.3 to 4.4), including 68 in patients with a baseline CD4+ count of at least 500 cells per cubic millimeter (3.2 events per 100 person-years; 95% CI, 2.4 to 4.0). Tuberculosis and invasive bacterial diseases accounted for 42% and 27% of primary end-point events, respectively. The risk of death or severe HIV-related illness was lower with early ART than with deferred ART (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.41 to 0.76; adjusted hazard ratio among patients with a baseline CD4+ count of â„500 cells per cubic millimeter, 0.56; 95% CI, 0.33 to 0.94) and lower with IPT than with no IPT (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.48 to 0.88; adjusted hazard ratio among patients with a baseline CD4+ count of â„500 cells per cubic millimeter, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.36 to 1.01). The 30-month probability of grade 3 or 4 adverse events did not differ significantly among the strategies. CONCLUSIONS: In this African country, immediate ART and 6 months of IPT independently led to lower rates of severe illness than did deferred ART and no IPT, both overall and among patients with CD4+ counts of at least 500 cells per cubic millimeter. (Funded by the French National Agency for Research on AIDS and Viral Hepatitis; TEMPRANO ANRS 12136 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00495651.)
Cartographie De La Dynamique Du Trait De Cote A Grand-Lahou : Utilisation De Lâoutil « Digital Shoreline Analysis System (Dsas)»
Like many coasts, coastal erosion is evident on all the Ivorian coast and is characterized by the destruction of physical assets (infrastructure, habitat and sightseeing). Especially in Grand-Lahou, it threatens a fishing village located on a strip of land 200 meters separating the Atlantic Ocean from the Tadjo lagoon and facing the mouth of the Bandama River. To contribute to the choice of sustainable coastal development in Grand-Lahou, this study aims to characterize the dynamics of the coastline by performing coastal erosion map locally for the best appreciation of the erosion phenomenon. To do this, the GIS which consisted of compilation of coastlines data from Landsat images from 1998, 2001, 2005, 2009, 2011 and 2014 in the study area. The dynamic of the coastline in this zone was done through the Digital Shoreline Analysis System (DSAW). The variations observed between 1998 and 2014 show a coastline fattening at an average rate of 2.09 m / year in the west of the river mouth before Lahou-Kpanda village and erosion with a speed of 0.84 m / year on rest of the shore after Lahou Kpanda village
Diversity of water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) accessions from Cote d'Ivoire based on SNP markers and agronomic traits
Open Access Journal; Published online: 24 Nov 2021Dioscorea alata (L.), also referred to as water, winged, or greater yam, is one of the most economically important staple food crops in tropical and subtropical areas. In CĂŽte dâIvoire, it represents, along with other yam species, the largest food crop and significantly contributes to food security. However, studies focusing on better understanding the structure and extent of genetic diversity among D. alata accessions, using molecular and phenotypic traits, are limited. This study was, therefore, conducted to assess the pattern of genetic variability in a set of 188 D. alata accessions from the National Agronomic Research Centre (CNRA) genebank using 11,722 SNP markers (generated by the Diversity Arrays Technology) and nine agronomic traits. Phylogenetic analyses using hierarchical clustering, admixture, kinship, and Discriminant analysis of principal component (DAPC) all assigned the accessions into four main clusters. Genetic diversity assessment using molecular-based SNP markers showed a high proportion of polymorphic SNPs (87.81%). The analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) showed low molecular variability within genetic groups. In addition, the agronomic traits evaluated for two years in field conditions showed a high heritability and high variability among D. alata accessions. This study provides insights into the genetic diversity among accessions in the CNRA genebank and opens an avenue for sustainable resource management and the identification of promising parental clones for water yam breeding programs in CĂŽte dâIvoire
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