287 research outputs found
Reactive force field molecular dynamics simulation of pyridine combustion assisted by an electric field
The reduction of nitrogen oxides (NOx) is a perennial challenge for fuel combustion. Electric field enhanced combustion is a promising technology to decrease NOx emissions during the combustion process. This study aims to investigate the effects of electric field on fuel-NOx formation during pyridine (the main nitrogen-containing compounds in fossil fuels) combustion. The yields of main products (NO, NO2, N2, CO and CO2) are investigated during pyridine oxidation with external electric field imposed. Results indicate that electric field can reduce emissions (CO and NO) during pyridine combustion. Moreover, the reaction mechanisms of pyridine oxidation under different electric fields are explored at atomic scales, which provides an explanation for the changes of main products at varying electric field characteristics. This study fills the current knowledge gaps concerning the electric field influence on fuel-NOx emissions, which has the potential to form control strategies for NOx emissions during fossil fuel combustion
Understanding mechanisms of pyridine oxidation with ozone addition via reactive force field molecular dynamics simulations
Ozone assisted combustion is a promising method to control combustion, ignition and pollutant formation. In this study, we investigated the ozone behaviours in fuel-NOx control through reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of pyridine (a main nitrogen-containing compound in coal) oxidation under different ozone concentrations. The results show that ozone enhances the pyridine combustion process and facilitates the conversion of CO to CO2 and NO to NO2. Ozone participates in the reactions with intermediates and promotes the generation of active particles like OH, HO2, HO3 and H2O2. This research reveals mechanisms, at the atomic level, for the effects of main products formation during pyridine oxidation under different levels of ozone addition. The present study provides the scientific base for the control of NOx emissions through ozone assisted combustion technology
Effects of water on pyridine pyrolysis: A reactive force field molecular dynamics study
The emission of nitrogen oxides (NOx) from coal combustion causes serious environmental problems. Fuel splitting and staging is a promising method for NOx control by combustion modification. In this process, nitrogen-containing compounds generated from pyrolysis gas play an important role in regulating NOx generation. Water from coal could potentially change reactions during the coal pyrolysis process. Adjusting the content of water in coal may be an effective way to control coal pyrolysis reactions. This work aims to investigate the effects of water on pyridine (a main nitrogen-containing compound in coal) pyrolysis via reactive force field (ReaxFF) molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. Results indicate that the addition of water during the pyridine pyrolysis process increases the number of OH radicals in the system and accelerates the consumption of pyridine at the initial stage. However, at a later stage, water inhibits the consumption of pyridine as it impedes the condensation reaction of pyridine molecules. Common and unique intermediates are identified and quantified under various water-content conditions. Results suggest that water also reduces the proportion of nitrogen atoms in the polycondensation product. Furthermore, ring opening processes of pyridine molecules are reproduced at the atomic level. The changes in reaction pathways due to the presence of water are also revealed. The new insights into the mechanisms of pyridine pyrolysis under water and water-free conditions provide a possibility to control nitrogen migration during the pyrolysis process, which is of great significance to emission reduction from coal combustion
Understanding large plastic deformation of SiC nanowires at room temperature
Tensile behaviors of SiC [111] nanowires with various possible microstructures have been investigated by molecular-dynamics simulations. The results show that the large plastic deformation in these nanowires is induced by the anti-parallel sliding of 3C grains along an ultra- thin intergranular amorphous film parallel to the (11¯1) plane and inclined at an angle of 19.47◦ with respect to the nanowire axis. The resulting large plastic deformation of SiC nanowires at room temperature is attributed to the stretching, breaking and re-forming of Si–C bonds in the intergranular amorphous film, which is also evident from the sawtooth jumps in the stress-strain response
Resonances in and
A partial wave analysis is presented of and
from a sample of 58M events in the BES II detector. The
is observed clearly in both sets of data, and parameters of the
Flatt\' e formula are determined accurately: (stat)
(syst) MeV/c, MeV/c, . The data also exhibit a strong peak
centred at MeV/c. It may be fitted with and a
dominant signal made from interfering with a smaller
component. There is evidence that the signal is
resonant, from interference with . There is also a state in with MeV/c and
MeV/c; spin 0 is preferred over spin 2. This state, , is
distinct from . The data contain a strong peak due to
. A shoulder on its upper side may be fitted by interference
between and .Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, 1 table. Submitted to Phys. Lett.
Measurement of the Branching Fraction of J/psi --> pi+ pi- pi0
Using 58 million J/psi and 14 million psi' decays obtained by the BESII
experiment, the branching fraction of J/psi --> pi+ pi- pi0 is determined. The
result is (2.10+/-0.12)X10^{-2}, which is significantly higher than previous
measurements.Comment: 9 pages, 8 figures, RevTex
Search for K_S K_L in psi'' decays
K_S K_L from psi'' decays is searched for using the psi'' data collected by
BESII at BEPC, the upper limit of the branching fraction is determined to be
B(psi''--> K_S K_L) < 2.1\times 10^{-4} at 90% C. L. The measurement is
compared with the prediction of the S- and D-wave mixing model of the
charmonia, based on the measurements of the branching fractions of J/psi-->K_S
K_L and psi'-->K_S K_L.Comment: 5 pages, 1 figur
First Measurements of eta_c Decaying into K^+K^-2(pi^+pi^-) and 3(pi^+pi^-)
The decays of eta_c to K^+K^-2(pi^+pi^-) and 3(pi^+pi^-) are observed for the
first time using a sample of 5.8X10^7 J/\psi events collected by the BESII
detector. The product branching fractions are determined to be B(J/\psi-->gamma
eta_c)*B(eta_c-->K^+K^-pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^-)=(1.21+-0.32+-
0.23)X10^{-4}, and (J/\psi-->gamma eta_c)*
B(eta_c-->pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^-)= (2.59+-0.32+-0.48)X10^{-4}. The upper
limit for eta_c-->phi pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^- is also obtained as B(J/\psi-->gamma
eta_c)*B(eta_c--> phi pi^+pi^-pi^+pi^-)< 6.03 X10^{-5} at the 90% confidence
level.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figure
First observation of psi(2S)-->K_S K_L
The decay psi(2S)-->K_S K_L is observed for the first time using psi(2S) data
collected with the Beijing Spectrometer (BESII) at the Beijing Electron
Positron Collider (BEPC); the branching ratio is determined to be
B(psi(2S)-->K_S K_L) = (5.24\pm 0.47 \pm 0.48)\times 10^{-5}. Compared with
J/psi-->K_S K_L, the psi(2S) branching ratio is enhanced relative to the
prediction of the perturbative QCD ``12%'' rule. The result, together with the
branching ratios of psi(2S) decays to other pseudoscalar meson pairs
(\pi^+\pi^- and K^+K^-), is used to investigate the relative phase between the
three-gluon and the one-photon annihilation amplitudes of psi(2S) decays.Comment: 5 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables, submitted to Phys. Rev. Let
Study of psi(2S) decays to X J/psi
Using J/psi -> mu^+ mu^- decays from a sample of approximately 4 million
psi(2S) events collected with the BESI detector, the branching fractions of
psi(2S) -> eta J/psi, pi^0 pi^0 J/psi, and anything J/psi normalized to that of
psi(2S) -> pi^+ pi^- J/psi are measured. The results are B(psi(2S) -> eta
J/psi)/B(psi(2S) -> pi^+ pi^- J/psi) = 0.098 \pm 0.005 \pm 0.010, B(psi(2S) ->
pi^0 pi^0 J/psi)/B(psi(2S) -> pi^+ pi^- J/psi) = 0.570 \pm 0.009 \pm 0.026, and
B(psi(2S) -> anything J/psi)/B(psi(2S) -> pi^+ pi^- J/psi) = 1.867 \pm 0.026
\pm 0.055.Comment: 13 pages, 8 figure
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