Spatiotemporal variation of projected drought characteristics in Iran under climate change scenarios using CMIP5-CORDEX product

This study aims to assess the change of drought characteristics (intensity, duration, and frequency) under the effect of climate change in Iran using the modified standardized precipitation index (MSPI) and theory of runs on annual and seasonal scales for three near-future, mid-future (MF), and far-future climates. Hence, regional climate models extracted from South Asia-Coordinated Regional Climate Downscaling Experiments (CORDEX-SA) are applied. Regarding the result, MSPI could assign the standardized precipitation index (SPI) values better than the conventional form of SPI during the historical period (HP). The outcomes revealed that the northeast stations will experience a decrease in intensity (up to 24.57% in MF compared with HP) until 2100 at seasonal timescale, while the duration and frequency of drought will be increased. Although the greatest increase in intensity changes of droughts (up to 91%) until the end of the century will happen in the eastern and southwestern regions of Iran, these regions will face the maximum decrease in the duration (−30.54%) and frequency (−25%) of droughts compared with HP at seasonal timescale. In addition, regarding the outcomes of this study, strategies can be adopted to better manage water resources for various regions of Iran

Effect of FRP on the Energy Absorbed by Steel Shear Walls with Openings

It’s for more than three decades that Steel Shear Walls are being used as lateral load resisting system. Definitely,the actual behavior of steel shear walls can be assessed using experimental results. However, solve many of phenomenon like this one should be done using mathematical and theoretical methods due to their special characteristics such as high expenses, lack of laboratory facilities and time limitations. In this study, the behavior of steel plate shear walls with openings in a one-story frame were evaluated and compared in various conditions. For this purpose, different values ​​for the opening in shear wall was considered and exposed to lateral displacement in ABAQUS as a comprehensive finite element software. Then, the impact of FRP arrangement on shear wall was evaluated to represent the structural behavior under various conditions. Result shows that, use of FRP sheets as parallel layers on both sides of shear wall has the best response on energy absorption, so that performance of the model was better than shear wall fully covered with FRP

Effects of eccentric and concentric exercises on some blood biochemical parameters in patients with type 2 diabetes

omplications. There are several studies about the beneficial effects of aerobic and resistance exercises onblood glucose and lipids levels, insulin sensitivity in type 2 diabetic patients. However, there is no study toinvestigate the effects of eccentric exercise in these patients. This study was designed to compare the effectof eccentric and concentric exercises on some of the blood biochemical parameters in type 2 of diabeticpatients.Materials and Methods: 28 type 2 diabetic patients were assigned randomly in one of the twoexperimental eccentric and concentric groups. Before and after control and also after intervention, bloodsugers, HbA1c, lipids and body mass index were measured.Results: The results showed that eccentric and concentric exercises result in a significant decrease inblood sugar, HbA1c, and blood lipids. Eccentric exercise training also significantly reduced blood sugarlevels and HbA1c compared to the concentric exercise (P<0.0001). Moreover, no significant changes werefound in blood lipids levels in regard to the type of exercise.Conclusion: Our findings show that eccentric exercise is more effective than concentric exercise withrespect to reducing and controlling blood glucose levels in type 2 diabetic patient