Turbid water treatment using deshelled carica papaya seed: Analysis via factorial design

Natural coagulants are proven to be a good alternative to conventional coagulants with the removal of various pollutants and are environmentally friendly. Despite its advantages, the least studies were carried out on local agro-wastes such as papaya seeds as natural coagulants concerning different operational factors. The study analyzes the main and interactions effect between the coagulant dosage, initial turbidity, and pH on deshelled Carica papaya seeds for turbid water treatment. A 2-level factorial design was used to investigate the main and interaction effects of the main operational factors, viz. coagulant dosage (50-200 mg/L), pH (3-7), and initial turbidity (100-500 NTU) on the turbidity removal of the synthetic turbid water. Based on individual performance, the results suggested that initial turbidity and pH are the most significant factors among the investigated operational factors. In combination, all interactions are significant, but the interaction between initial turbidity and pH is most significant, with 97.2% turbidity removal. Upon application of Carica papaya seed as a natural coagulant in water and wastewater treatment, these operating variables and their interactions are best to be considered

Insights into the potential application of magnetic field in controlling sludge bulking and foaming: A review

The formation of bulking and foaming in biological wastewater treatment could cause a series of operational issues with biomass and effluent quality, ultimately affect the treatment performance of the system. The essential parameters influencing the growth of bulking and foaming bacteria are comprehensively summarised in this paper. Existing bulking and foaming control approached are critically reviewed and addressed, as well as their drawbacks and limitations. Despite the abundance of information and implementation, a complete control technique for limiting filamentous sludge bulking and foaming remains insufficient. Magnetic field application is emphasised as a viable control strategy in this regard. The present review study provides new insight of this application by comparing the use of magnetic fields to conventional treatments. Future outlooks on the use of magnetic fields to prevent BFB proliferation were also highlighted

Enhanced biomass properties in sludge bulking: impact of static magnetic field

Occurrence of sludge bulking with regard to prolong sludge age declines the removal performances attributable to the failure of aggregation by the floc-formers and insufficient adhesion among cells' surfaces. Approach of sufficiently minimizing the sludge age had been taken most of the times. This approach, however, eliminated the floc-formers although it was found to inhibit the bulking. The aim of the present study, therefore, is to investigate the potential of magnetic field application as an alternative approach to control the sludge bulking. Two sequencing batch reactors, Reactor A (SBRA) and Reactor B (SBRB), were operated in long sludge age to induce the bulking. SBRA was subjected to 88.0 mT magnetic field intensity while SBRB served as a control system. The findings showed that the magnetic field was able to enhance the biomass properties including the aggregation ability, relative hydrophobicity and maintain significant negative surface charge under an adverse effect of long sludge age thus led to more stable flocs been formed. This had resulted with consistent high removal of SBRA compared to SBRB. Consequently, this approach minimizes the occurrence of sludge bulking

Deshelled Carica papaya seeds as natural coagulant for improvement quality of river water

This study evaluated the efficiency of deshelled papaya seeds as the natural coagulant in improving quality of river water. The deshelled papaya seeds biomass was mainly characterized for functional groups using FTIR, surface charge and protein content. Coagulation and flocculation tests were conducted using batch test for various dosages and pH values. The optimum dosage and pH were then tested in treating river of Class III to Class V. The functional groups in deshelled papaya seeds were O-H, C=O and C-O groups. The surface charge and protein content was +0.4 meq/g and 363 mg/g, respectively. The deshelled papaya seeds coagulant was able to remove turbidity up to 87.6 and 88.3% for river of Class III and Class IV, respectively, as well as 57.6 and 62.1% of total coliform and Escherichia coli, respectively, from Class III river at dosage 196 mg/L and pH 4. This study demonstrated that the deshelled Carica papaya seedsderived coagulant is capable in treating common pollutants of river and simultaneously shows antibacterial properties

A Novel Natural Active Coagulant Agent Extracted from the Sugarcane Bagasse for Wastewater Treatment

The performance of extracted coagulant from the sugarcane bagasse was tested using synthetic wastewater for turbidity removal. Sugarcane bagasse was selected because it is available in abundance as a waste. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of the extraction process in optimizing the active coagulant agent of bagasse as a natural coagulant for optimum turbidity removal. Bagasse was characterized in terms of physical, chemical and morphological properties. The results showed bagasse has very high polysaccharide content which can act as an active coagulant agent together with hemicellulose and lignin. The extraction process for degradation of lignin and hemicellulose was run based on two different solvents (NaOH and H2SO4) with varying concentrations from 2% to 10% at different extraction temperatures varied from 60 °C to 180 °C for various extraction times (0.5 h to 3 h). The optimum polysaccharide content extracted from bagasse was 697.5 mg/mL by using 2% NaOH at 120 °C for 2 h extraction. The coagulation process using extracted bagasse showed the removal of suspended solids up to 95.9% under optimum conditions. The concentration of polysaccharides as the active coagulant agent plays a vital role where high polysaccharides content removes most turbidity at a lower dosage. Bagasse has the potential to be an alternative coagulating agent due to its efficiency, and eco-friendly properties for the treatment of wastewater

Improvement of biomass aggregation in sludge bulking by magnetic field application

High biomass aggregation is commonly associated with good solid–liquid separation that can inhibit the occurrence of sludge bulking. The application of magnetic fields in the removal of pollutants has been studied previously but the relation between a magnetic field with biomass aggregation and its effect on pollutant removal efficiency receives very little attention. This present study was conducted to analyze the effect of the magnetic field toward biomass aggregation that can eventually contribute to the good removal performance of the pollutants. Two continuous laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactors known as Reactor A and Reactor B were set up. Reactor A was equipped with an 88 mT magnetic field while Reactor B acted as the control. Reactor A recorded higher biomass aggregation with the range of 75.0–95.2% compared to Reactor B which possessed mostly medium aggregation with an average of 65.5%. As a result, lower sludge volume index (SVI) was recorded in Reactor A (25.8 ml/g) compared to Reactor B (73.1 ml/g). Likewise, Reactor A showed significantly higher chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonia-nitrogen removal compared to Reactor B. These findings imply that the magnetic field successfully improves biomass aggregation, therefore improving the removal performance under the sludge bulking occurrence

A novel natural active coagulant agent extracted from the sugarcane bagasse for wastewater treatment

The performance of extracted coagulant from the sugarcane bagasse was tested using synthetic wastewater for turbidity removal. Sugarcane bagasse was selected because it is available in abundance as a waste. This study was carried out to analyze the effect of the extraction process in optimizing the active coagulant agent of bagasse as a natural coagulant for optimum turbidity removal. Bagasse was characterized in terms of physical, chemical and morphological properties. The results showed bagasse has very high polysaccharide content which can act as an active coagulant agent together with hemicellulose and lignin. The extraction process for degradation of lignin and hemicellulose was run based on two different solvents (NaOH and H2SO4) with varying concentrations from 2% to 10% at different extraction temperatures varied from 60 °C to 180 °C for various extraction times (0.5 h to 3 h). The optimum polysaccharide content extracted from bagasse was 697.5 mg/mL by using 2% NaOH at 120 °C for 2 h extraction. The coagulation process using extracted bagasse showed the removal of suspended solids up to 95.9% under optimum conditions. The concentration of polysaccharides as the active coagulant agent plays a vital role where high polysaccharides content removes most turbidity at a lower dosage. Bagasse has the potential to be an alternative coagulating agent due to its efficiency, and eco-friendly properties for the treatment of wastewater