Round Randomized Learning Vector Quantization for Brain Tumor Imaging

Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) classification into normal and abnormal is a critical and challenging task. Owing to that, several medical imaging classification techniques have been devised in which Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ) is amongst the potential. The main goal of this paper is to enhance the performance of LVQ technique in order to gain higher accuracy detection for brain tumor in MRIs. The classical way of selecting the winner code vector in LVQ is to measure the distance between the input vector and the codebook vectors using Euclidean distance function. In order to improve the winner selection technique, round off function is employed along with the Euclidean distance function. Moreover, in competitive learning classifiers, the fitting model is highly dependent on the class distribution. Therefore this paper proposed a multiresampling technique for which better class distribution can be achieved. This multiresampling is executed by using random selection via preclassification. The test data sample used are the brain tumor magnetic resonance images collected from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center and UCI benchmark data sets. Comparative studies showed that the proposed methods with promising results are LVQ1, Multipass LVQ, Hierarchical LVQ, Multilayer Perceptron, and Radial Basis Function

Microelectronics switched Capasitor Filter

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Olive oil Ameliorates renal Ischemia-reperfusion-mediated hepatic and renal changes in stressed rats

Background: Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) does not only affect kidneys, but also affects remote organs especially the liver. Stress may lead to further progression of renal and hepatic insults. This study was planned to explore the efficacy of olive oil (OO) on the assumed renal and hepatic changes of immobilization stress following renal IRI. Methods: Seventy-seven adult male Wistar albino rats were divided into the following five groups; Sham-Operated Control group, Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion group, Stressed Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion group, OO-Supplemented Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion group) and OO-Supplemented Stressed Renal Ischemia-Reperfusion Group (OO+Stressed+IR). All animals were subjected to determination of renal and hepatic biochemical functions and histopathological examination. Results: Renal IR significantly increased plasma creatinine and urea levels. This was associated with significant rise in serum levels of both ALT and AST, total bilirubin together with plasma level of TNF-[Formula: see text], whereas the plasma level of albumin (ALB) was significantly reduced. In addition, histological disruptions of kidneys and livers were observed. Chronic immobilization stress aggravated the effects of renal IR. Also, renal and hepatic morphological changes were more worsened. Whilst, OO supplementation resulted in significant amelioration of renal and hepatic functions. Also, the kidney and liver morphologic lesions were attenuated. Conclusion: Renal IR not only affected the renal functional and structural integrity but also the remote organ, the liver. Chronic immobilization stress rendered the kidney and liver more prone to injury. OO improved renal and hepatic dysfunction and morphological damage mediated by renal IRI, in control rats and in those exposed to chronic stress which can be exerted partially via its antioxidant, anti- inflammatory and nitric oxide (NO) reducing activities