Ensemble Optimization of CO2 WAG EOR

CO2 Water Alternating Gas (WAG) EOR (Enhanced Oil Recovery) is a method to improve oil recovery by combining improvement in displacement efficiency from CO2 injection and improvement in sweep efficiency from injecting water in alternating sequence with CO2. This thesis focused on using the Ensemble Optimization method to improve the economics of this project in anonymous field X with discounted NPV (Net Present Value) as the objective function. The optimized variable is the injection BHP (Bottom Hole Pressure) for water and gas injection with fixed injection cycle of 6 months on each of water and gas cycle. The optimized result was compared with the result from the base case CO2 WAG with maximum injection BHP on each of the water and gas cycle and it showed promising result by optimizing the amount of injected water and gas on each injection cycle by controlling them from the injection BHP. Optimized strategy gave $ 30 million incremental in discounted NPV or equal to 4% increase in discounted NPV compared to the discounted NPV from the base case strategy contributed from higher oil production and better CO2 utilization than the base case.Master Petroleum EngineeringGeoscience & EngineeringCivil Engineering and Geoscience

Pendidikan dan pergerakan nasional: banyuwangi awal abad xx

Modern education in Banyuwangi, which was established by the government, firstly appeared in 1819 in the form of the Europeesche Lagere School (ELS), approximately two years after the first school has founded in the Dutch East Indies. The existence of this school is inseparable from the interests and needs of the government to prepare skilled government employees. The existing schools were not well developed even though the need for modern schools increased. The enactment of the ethical policy provided an opportunity for non-government parties. Subsequently, schools established by Indo-European, Arab, and Chinese entrepreneurs, and national movement organization. This paper studies the dynamics of their roles in founding a modern school in Banyuwangi during the era of ethical policy. This study used historical methods to explain the education and policies that encouraged the nongovernment sector?s efforts at that time in actively establishing schools for their respective groups. The study found that ethical policy opened opportunities and strengthened the existence of parties outside the government to establish schools in Banyuwangi and develop modern education. The changes were in the strengthening of plantation companies that promoted the opening of new areas, the economic crisis, and the politics of segregation demanded the availability of schools for all groups