Creatinium hydrogen oxalate

The crystal structure of the title compound, C4H10N3O2 +·C2HO4 −, is stabilized by N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. The anions are connected by an O—H⋯O hydrogen bond, leading to C(5) chain extending along c axis. The cations are dimerized around the corners of the unit cell, leading to an R 2 2(14) ring motif. This leads to a cationic mol­ecular aggregation at x = 0 or 1 and an anionic mol­ecular aggregation at x = 1/2

Creatininium 2-chloro­acetate

In the title compound (systematic name: 2-amino-1-methyl-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-3-ium 2-chloro­acetate), C4H8N3O+·C2H2ClO2 −, the mol­ecular aggregations are stabil­ized through classical (N—H⋯O) and non-classical (C—H⋯O and C—H⋯N) hydrogen-bonding inter­actions. The cations are linked to the anions, forming ion pairs through two N—H⋯O bonds that produce characteristic R 2 2(8) ring motifs. These cation–anion pairs are connected through another N—H⋯O hydrogen bond, leading to an R 4 2(8) ring motif. Further weak C—H⋯N inter­actions link the mol­ecules along the a axis, while other C—H⋯O inter­actions generate zigzag chains extending along b

"The Financial Requirements of Achieving Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment"

Although the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) have been ratified in global and national forums, they have not yet been incorporated into operational planning within governments or international organizations. The weak link between the policies and the investments needed for their implementation is one barrier to progress. An assessment of the resources required is a critical first step in formulating and implementing strategies to achieve the MDGs. This is especially true for policies to promote gender equality and empower women. Although enough is known about such policies to implement them successfully, the costs of such interventions are not systematically calculated and integrated into country-level budgeting processes. Using country-level data, the paper estimates the costs of interventions aimed at promoting gender equality and women's empowerment in Bangladesh, Cambodia, Ghana, Tanzania, and Uganda. It then uses these estimates to calculate the costs of such interventions in other low-income countries. Finally, the paper projects the financing gap for interventions that aim directly at achieving gender equality, first for the five countries, and subsequently for all low-income countries.

1,5-Dimethyl-3-oxo-2-phenyl-2,3-di­hy­dro-1H-pyrazol-4-aminium 2-hydroxy­benzoate

In the title salt, C11H14N3O+·C7H5O3 −, the phenyl ring of the cation is oriented at an angle of 67.0 (1)° with respect to the five-membered pyrazolone ring. The carboxyl­ate plane of the anion is twisted out from the plane of the aromatic ring at an angle of 13.7 (3)°. In the crystal, the cations form hydrogen-bonded dimers with an R 2 2(10) ring motif. The salicylate anion has an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond