The role of mathematics for physics teaching and understanding

That mathematics is the “language of physics” implies that both areas are deeply interconnected, such that often no separation between “pure” mathematics and “pure” physics is possible. To clarify their interplay a technical and a structural role of mathematics can be distinguished. A thorough understanding of this twofold role in physics is also important for shaping physics education especially with respect to teaching the nature of physics. Herewith the teachers and their pedagogical content knowledge play an important role. Therefore we develop a model of PCK concerning the interplay of mathematics and physics in order to provide a theoretical framework for the views and teaching strategies of teachers. In an exploratory study four teachers from Germany and four teachers from Israel have been interviewed concerning their views and its transfer to teaching physics. Here we describe the results from Germany. Besides general views and knowledge held by all or nearly all teachers we also observe specific individual focus depending on the teachers’ background and experiences. The results fit well into the derived model of PCK

WHEAT GRAIN BIOTECHNOLOGICAL PROCESSING IN ORDER TO GET BIOETHANOL

This article is devoted to modern energy and bioenergy problems. In this paper we investigate the wheat grain biotechnological processing in order to produce bioethanol. The analysis identifies positive and negative aspects of bioethanol in terms of energy. The paper also examines each step of the bioethanol synthesis by wheat grain biotechnological processing in detail.Работа посвящена проблемам современной энергетики и развитию биоэнергетики. В ней исследуется биотехнологическая переработка зерна пшеницы с целью получения биоэтанола. В результате анализа выявляются положительные и отрицательные стороны биоэтанола с точки зрения энергетики. В работе также детально рассматривается каждый этап процесса синтеза биоэтанола путем биотехнологической переработки зерна пшеницы

ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТЬ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЭКСТРУДИРОВАННОГО КОНЦЕНТРАТА В НАЧАЛЬНЫЙ ПЕРИОД ВЫРАЩИВАНИЯ ЦЫПЛЯТ-БРОЙЛЕРОВ

The paper reveals research results on influence of feeding broilers with extruded concentrated feedstuff in the early period on the growth rate and mortality rate of the poultry from its first day to 37th day. The experiment was carried out on boilers of cross IZA F15 in OOO “Kuzbasskiy broiler” of Kemerovo region. The authors arranged the control group and experimental one; each of them contained 120 broilers. The researchers fed broilers from the control group with conventional mixed feed; the broilers of experimental group were fed with mixed feed produced at the enterprise with 33 % extruded concentrated feedstuff additive. The feed additive contains 30 % of soy bean meal, 25 – of wheat, 25 – of sunflower seeds and 20 % of sludge and bone residues. The research declares average daily liveweight gain of the broilers from experimental group increased on 14.5 %; feed consumption pro 1 kilo of liveweight gain reduced on 16.5 % during the early ten days of rearing in comparison with the broilers from the control group. The researchers observed high growth of the broilers from experimental group till the end of rearing. The average body weight of broilers from control group and aged 37 days was 2.09 kilo; the broilers of the same age from experimental group weighed 2.195 kg. Applying of extruded concentrated feedstuff in mixed feed allowed increasing mortality rate of broilers from experimental group on 1.7 % in comparison with the broilers from control group. The authors suggest applying of extruded concentrated feedstuff contained non-merchantable products of poultry processing and sun-flower seeds when feeding broilers in the early age in order to increase poultry growth rate and mortality rate.Представлены результаты исследований по изучению влияния скармливания экструдированного концентрата в  начальный период выращивания бройлеров на интенсивность роста и  сохранность птицы с  суточного до 37-дневного возраста. Эксперимент проводили в ООО  «Кузбасский бройлер» Кемеровской области на цыплятах-бройлерах кросса Иза F15. Для проведения научно-хозяйственного опыта были сформированы контрольная и  опытная группы суточных цыплят-бройлеров по 120 голов в каждой. В течение первых 10 дней жизни цыплятам контрольной группы скармливали традиционный комбикорм, а цыплятам опытной группы – комбикорм, произведенный в кормоцехе предприятия с добавлением 33% экструдированного кормового концентрата. Кормовая добавка содержит 30% соевого шрота, 25 – пшеницы, 25 – семян подсолнечника и 20% мясокостных отходов. У цыплят опытной группы установлено увеличение среднесуточного прироста живой массы на 14,5%, снижение потребления корма на 1 кг прироста на 16,5% за первые 10 дней выращивания по сравнению с аналогами из контрольной группы. Высокая интенсивность роста цыплят опытной группы сохранилась до конца выращивания. Средняя живая масса бройлеров в  возрасте 37 дней в  контрольной группе составила 2,090  кг, в  опытной  – 2,195. Введение в  комбикорм экспериментального кормового концентрата позволило повысить сохранность цыплят-бройлеров опытной группы на 1,7% за весь период выращивания по срав- нению с контролем. По результатам проведенных исследований предлагаем в начальный период выращивания цыплят-бройлеров в целях повышения интенсивности роста, сохранности птицы включать в состав комбикорма экструдированный кормовой концентрат на основе малоценных продуктов переработки птицы и семян подсолнечника

Synthesis by High-Efficiency Liquid-Phase (HELP) Method of Oligonucleotides Conjugated with High-Molecular Weight Polyethylene Glycols (PEGs)

The chemical modification of synthetic oligonucleotides has recently been investigated to improve their pharmacological utilization. In addition to chemical alterations of the backbone and of the heterocyclic bases, their conjugation with amphiphylic moieties, such as the polyethylene glycol has been proposed. The large scale production of these molecules as demanded for commercial purposes is hampered by the heterogeneity of the solid-phase processes and by the low reactivity of high-molecular weight PEGs in solution. A new synthetic procedure based on the recently developed liquid-phase method (HELP), has been set up to overcome these limitations

INFLUENCE OF IRRADIATION TREATMENT MODES OF MILK ON THE PROCESSES OF LIPID PEROXIDATION

Irradiation treatment of milk was performed with a dose range from 1 to 10 kGy in the stream and in the package. In order to estimate the intensity of lipid peroxidation process in irradiated milk the concentration of malonic dialdehyde was evaluated using the spectrophotometric method. The conclusions about the effect of different irradiation treatment modes on intensity of the lipid peroxidation process in milk were formulated.Работа выполнена при финансовой поддержке РФФИ (№ проекта 13-03-01100)