Complex Patterns of Chromosome 11 Aberrations in Myeloid Malignancies Target CBL, MLL, DDB1 and LMO2

Exome sequencing of primary tumors identifies complex somatic mutation patterns. Assignment of relevance of individual somatic mutations is difficult and poses the next challenge for interpretation of next generation sequencing data. Here we present an approach how exome sequencing in combination with SNP microarray data may identify targets of chromosomal aberrations in myeloid malignancies. The rationale of this approach is that hotspots of chromosomal aberrations might also harbor point mutations in the target genes of deletions, gains or uniparental disomies (UPDs). Chromosome 11 is a frequent target of lesions in myeloid malignancies. Therefore, we studied chromosome 11 in a total of 813 samples from 773 individual patients with different myeloid malignancies by SNP microarrays and complemented the data with exome sequencing in selected cases exhibiting chromosome 11 defects. We found gains, losses and UPDs of chromosome 11 in 52 of the 813 samples (6.4%). Chromosome 11q UPDs frequently associated with mutations of CBL. In one patient the 11qUPD amplified somatic mutations in both CBL and the DNA repair gene DDB1. A duplication within MLL exon 3 was detected in another patient with 11qUPD. We identified several common deleted regions (CDR) on chromosome 11. One of the CDRs associated with de novo acute myeloid leukemia (P=0.013). One patient with a deletion at the LMO2 locus harbored an additional point mutation on the other allele indicating that LMO2 might be a tumor suppressor frequently targeted by 11p deletions. Our chromosome-centered analysis indicates that chromosome 11 contains a number of tumor suppressor genes and that the role of this chromosome in myeloid malignancies is more complex than previously recognized

Comparative study: the effect of annealing conditions on the properties of P3HT:PCBM blends

This paper presents a detailed study on the role of various annealing treatments on organic poly(3-hexylthiophene) and [6]-phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester blends under different experimental conditions. A combination of analytical tools is used to study the alteration of the phase separation, structure and photovoltaic properties of the P3HT:PCBM blend during the annealing process. Results showed that the thermal annealing yields PCBM ‘‘needle-like’’ crystals and that prolonged heat treatment leads to extensive phase separation, as demonstrated by the growth in the size and quantity of PCBM crystals. The substrate annealing method demonstrated an optimal morphology by eradicating and suppressing the formation of fullerene clusters across the film, resulting in longer P3HT fibrils with smaller diameter. Improved optical constants, PL quenching and a decrease in the P3HT optical bad-gap were demonstrated for the substrate annealed films due to the limited diffusion of the PCBM molecules. An effective strategy for determining an optimized morphology through substrate annealing treatment is therefore revealed for improved device efficiency.Web of Scienc

The size of cooperative bank and its efficiency

Celem badań była ocena efektywności banków spółdzielczych w zależności od ich wielkości. Próbę badawczą stanowiło 300 banków spółdzielczych zrzeszonych w Banku Polskiej Spółdzielczości. Wielkość banku określono za pomocą czterech cech: wartości aktywów ogółem, wartości kapitałów własnych, liczby placówek oraz liczby prowadzonych rachunków. Za pomocą punktowego wskaźnika kolejności zbudowano ranking banków, a następnie przy wykorzystaniu kwartyli wyodrębniono cztery grupy banków o podobnej wielkości. Efektywność oceniono za pomocą metody Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) w oparciu o modele BCC oraz CCR zorientowane na nakłady oraz wybrane wskaźniki efektywności. Zmiany produktywności w czasie oszacowano za pomocą indeksu Malmquista. Badania wykazały, że wśród badanych banków spółdzielczych najbardziej efektywne były te największe. Małe banki charakteryzowały się wyższą efektywnością niż średnie, ale mniejszą niż największe banki.The aim of the study was to assess the efficiency of cooperative banks depending on their size. The sample was constituted of 300 cooperative banks affiliated in the Bank of Polish Cooperatives. The size of the bank was determined using four characteristics: total assets, the equity, the number of outlets and the number of accounts. With the use of the point sequence indicator the ranking of banks was created, and then with the use of quartiles the banks were divided into four groups of similar size. Efficiency was assessed with the use of the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method based on the BCC and CCR models oriented on input and selected efficiency indicators. Changes in productivity over time were estimated by using Malmquist Index. The results indicated that among the analysed cooperative banks the greatest banks were the most efficient. Small banks were characterized by higher efficiency than medium size banks, but they were less efficient than the biggest banks

Motivating employees in breeding companies of the Agricultural Property Agency

The aim of the paper was to evaluate motivating of the workforce in state owned breeding companies of the Agricultural Property Agency. The evaluation focused on the level of meeting employees’ expectations, identifi­cation of the hierarchy of motives as well as assessment of managers’ skills in the field of motivating employees. The results of the study show that the majority of employees’ expectations were not met. It applied particularly to expectations connected with wage increase and promotion. Both level of wage and work stability turned out to be the most important motives. Managerial skills in motivating employees to work were rated as mediocre. Managers attached too little attention to professional development of individual employees.</jats:p

Assessment of the implementation of the measure "Setting up of young farmers" under RDP 2007-2013 by provinces

Przedstawiono poziom wykorzystania środków i przestrzenne zróżnicowanie aktywności rolników w pozyskiwaniu wsparcia w działaniu PROW „Ułatwianie startu młodym rolnikom” w latach 2007-2013 na podstawie danych ARiMR. Porównania w układzie wojewódzkim dokonano według stanu na 31.12.2015 roku. Rolnicy z województw środkowej części Polski (mazowieckie, wielkopolskie i lubelskie) złożyli największą liczbę wniosków i uzyskali największą łączną kwotę wsparcia w analizowanym działaniu. Najaktywniej korzystali ze wsparcia w ramach analizowanego działania uprawnieni rolnicy z województw wielkopolskiego, kujawsko-pomorskiego, warmińsko-mazurskiego, podlaskiego, a także opolskiego, pomorskiego i zachodniopomorskiego.The paper presents spatial differentiation of the level and use by farmers the support under the RDP 2007- 2013 measure 1.2. „Setting up of young farmers”. Comparisons were made in a province as of 31.12.2015. Farmers from the provinces of the central part of Poland (Mazowieckie, Wielkopolskie and Lubelskie provinces) made the largest number of applications and received the largest total amount of support. Accordingly the smallest interest was shown by young farmers from the East provinces (Podlaskie and Lubuskie)