Maspin and MCM2 immunoprofiling in salivary gland carcinomas

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The pathogenesis of salivary gland carcinomas is very complex and prognostic markers are difficult to find in these carcinomas of which the different subtypes have varying malignant potential. The study was conducted to examine the cellular distribution of maspin and MCM2 in salivary gland carcinomas and their value to predict lymph node metastasis.</p> <p>Materials and methods</p> <p>Fifty three paraffin blocks of different lesions (15 muco-epidermoid carcinoma, 14 adenoid cystic carcinoma, 3 epi-myoepithelial carcinoma, 5 salivary duct carcinoma, 5 malignant pleomorphic adenoma, 6 polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma and 5 acinic cell carcinoma) were prepared for immunohistochemical staining with maspin and MCM2 antibodies. ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests were used for the statistical analysis of the results.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>All salivary gland carcinomas express maspin and MCM2 with variable cellular localization. There was a significant difference in the expression of each antibody between mucoepidermoid carcinoma, adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. No association was found between examined markers and lymph node metastasis.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Salivary gland carcinomas express maspin and MCM2 with variable levels and cellular localization, consisting important markers of biological behavior in these tumors. The level of MCM2 expression can be used in the differential diagnosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma and polymorphous low grade adenocarcinoma. Further study with large sample size is recommended to assess their value in prediction of lymph node metastasis.</p

Combined Cisplatin Treatment and Photobiomodulation at High Fluence Induces Cytochrome c Release and Cytomorphologic Alterations in HEp-2 Cells

BACKGROUND: Photochemotherapy is thought to be a novel therapeutic modality for cancer. The photobiomodulation (PBM), applied through high fluence low-level laser irradiation (HF-LLLI), can be combined with the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin to gain the benefit of potentiating its cytotoxic effect at possibly lower doses. AIM: The study aimed at investigation of the apoptotic effect of PBM, through LLLI (at HF), alone and in combination with cisplatin on cultured laryngeal cancer (HEp-2) cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the current experimental in vitro research, cultured laryngeal cancer cell line (HEp-2) was treated with the half maximal inhibitory concentration of cisplatin, with and without LLLI. The study design consisted of four groups: Control (untreated), cisplatin-alone-treated, PBM-alone-treated, and combination cisplatin + PBM treated groups. Cells were irradiated once with diode laser (wavelength 808 nm, energy output 350 mW, 3 min, fluence 190.91 J/cm2, and continuous wave mode). Cytotoxicity was assessed by 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay and the potential apoptotic effect was evaluated by cytochrome c (CYC) release through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), in conjunction with visualization of cytomorphologic alterations by light microscopic examination, followed by digital morphometric analysis of nuclear changes through estimation of nuclear area factor (NAF). Analysis of variance and post hoc multiple-comparison tests were used for statistical analysis of the data of cytotoxicity assay, ELISA, and nuclear morphometric analysis. RESULTS: PBM alone had a neutral effect on viability of HEp-2 cells, but it induced CYC release and lowered NAF mean value, significantly. When PBM was combined with cisplatin, more conspicuous deterioration in bioavailability of HEp-2 cells was observed, a higher amount of CYC was liberated and NAF value dropped in HEp-2 cells, compared to those which received separate treatments with cisplatin alone or PBM alone. CONCLUSION: Based on the current findings, low-level laser photochemotherapy might be a promising adjunctive anticancer treatment for laryngeal cancer, as PBM at HF was able to augment the apoptotic effect of cisplatin on HEp-2 cancer cells

Immunohistochemical detection of laminin-1 and Ki-67 in radicular cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Odontogenic cysts are those which arise from the epithelium associated with the development of teeth. Some odontogenic cysts were found to have special biological features that make them distinct from other lesions. This study was conducted to detect the immunoepxression of laminin-1 and Ki-67 in both radicular cysts (RCs) and keratocystic odontogenic tumors (KCOTs) and to examine the possible predictive value of these markers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Thirteen cases of RCs and twelve cases of KCOTs were included in this study. Antibodies against laminin-1 and Ki-67 were used as primary antibodies.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>ten cases out of thirteen cases of RCs were immunopositive to laminin-1. The immunonegative cases of RCs showed high degree of inflammation inside the connective tissue wall. One case out of twelve cases of KCOTs was immunopositive to laminin-1 and the rest were immunonegative. Seven cases out of thirteen cases of RCs showed immunopositivity for Ki-67 with increased numbers of immunopositive cells when the inflammation was severe in the connective tissue wall. All KCOTS were immunopositive to Ki-67.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The benign nature of radicular cysts and the aggressive behavior of keratocystic odontogenic tumors could be explained by the expression of laminin and Ki-67. Laminin-1 and Ki-67 could be valuable markers for the prediction of the biologic behavior of cystic lesions.</p