ASSESSMENT OF THE REASONS FOR MIGRATION OF YOUNG PEOPLE OF WORKING AGE

Based on the analysis of scientific literature, the article explains the concept of emigration, the causes, and its negative and positive consequences. Mathematical and statistical analyses of emigration indicators in the context of the Baltic States and calculate statistical emigration forecasts. Research of Baltic statistics has shown that many highly qualified specialists emigrate from the countries that bring income. The article‘s main aim is to find out and investigate the reasons for the emigration of people of working age in Lithuania. To achieve the aim of the article, an empirical study is used, based on which it was found that the following reasons influence emigration from Lithuania: poor economic situation, desire to go to study, expanding the circle of acquaintances, and a feeling of social exclusion and personal problems that they seek to solve abroad. Keywords: Lithuania, emigration, reasons for emigration

Prevalence of hospital infections and risk factors in lithuanian long-term care hospitals

Prevalence of hospital infections and risk factors in Lithuanian long-term care hospitals The aim of this study was to set out the prevalence and structure of hospital infections and risk factors in Lithuanian long-term care hospitals. The tasks of the investigation: 1.To describe the prevalence and structure specificity of hospital infections. 2. To define the prevalence of risk factors of hospital infections. 3. To define the prevalence and structure of prescribed antibiotics in long-term care hospitals. 4. To rate the relation between risk factors and hospital infections. Methods of the ivestigation. The point-prevalence study was carried. All (43) Lithuanian long-term care hospitals were invited to take part in this study, the participation was voluntary. The study was carried in 21 hospitals, all patients admitted before the survey day were included, 1380 patients were examined. The following data was recorded: infections, medical condition, chronic disease, the use of antibiotics. Data was processed and analysed using SPSS and Winpepi statistical programmes. Results. The 6,1% prevalence of hospital infections was defined. Lower respiratory tract (62,5%) and skin and soft tissues infections (21,7%) were the most common. The prevalence of hospital infections was higher in the town hospitals (7,6%) than in the district hospitals (3,3%) (p<0,001). The highest prevalence of hospital infections (20,0%) was in group of 20-40 years old patients. In group of 61-80 and 81-100 years old patients the most common was the lower respiratory tract infections (70,0% and 62,0%). None microbiological testing was done to diagnose hospital infections. 7,7% patients were treated with antimicrobial drugs. Penicillins (46,8%), I-II generation of cepholosporynes (12,6%) and aminoglycosides (10,8%) were the most often used. 46,4% patients had at least one risk factor. The most frequent risk factors were: fecal or urinary incontinence (44,7%), dipers usage (46,4%), bedridden status (37,5%), transference from another hospital (33,3%), dementia (33,1%). The prevalence of the most risk factors was higher in the town hospitals than the district hospitals. Patients transferred from another hospital (PRR=2,56), confined to their beds (PRR=2,36), had fecal or urinary incontinence (PRR=1,58), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PRR=2,27), operation (PRR= 2.42), indwelling urinary catheter (PRR=2,57), intravenous line (PRR=7,75), nasogastric tube (PRR=7,18), stomy (PRR=4,28) were shown to have a greater risk for hospital infection. Conclusion. The study revealed that the prevalence of hospital infection in long-term care hospitals is not high, but the fairly large prevalence of several important risk factors of hospital infection was identified. There is a need to prevent infection by implementing infection control programmes, which include surveillance in long-term care hospitals