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Not AvailableTechnologies This study describes factors influencing extent of adoption of soil and water conservation (SWC) technologies implemented on farmers' field under two watershed management projects in semi-arid region of Rajasthan. A sample of 50 beneficiary farm households owning fields treated with SWC technologies under a watershed management project was selected randomly from each watershed as respondents in the study. Multi-variate regression model was employed to identify factors influencing extent of adoption. Farm size and economic motivation factors significantly affected extent of adoption in Chhajawa watershed. In Badakhera watershed, farm size, mechanical power, scientific orientation were the factors which positively influenced adoption, while farm implements, farmer innovativeness and risk perception had a negative effect on extent of adoption. Pooled analysis of both watersheds identified farm size, economic motivation, and scientific orientation as positive factors, whereas risk perception and extension contact were the factors which negatively influenced the adoption extent. Variation in factors affecting the extent of adoption in both the watersheds located in the same region suggests that any technological intervention for SWC in an area ought to begin with cognizance of local factors, which may influence technology adoption.Not Availabl

Pediatric cholelithiasis and laparoscopic management: A review of twenty two cases

Aim: To evaluate the role of laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in the management of cholelithiasis in children. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of our experience with LC for cholelithiasis at our institution, between April 2006 and March 2009 was done. Data points reviewed included patient demographics, clinical history, haematological investigations, imaging studies, operative techniques, postoperative complications, postoperative recovery and final histopathological diagnosis. Results: During the study period of 36 months, 22 children (10 males and 12 females) with cholelithiasis were treated by LC. The mean age was 9.4 years (range 3 to 18 years). Twenty-one children had symptoms of biliary tract disease and one child was incidentally detected with cholelithiasis during an ultrasonogram of the abdomen for an unrelated cause. Only five (22.7%) children had definitive etiological risk factors for cholelithiasis and the remaining 13(77.3%) cases were idiopathic. Twenty cases had pigmented gallstones and two had cholesterol gallstones. All the 22 patients underwent LC, 21 elective and one emergency LC. The mean operative duration was 74.2 minutes (range 50-180 minutes). Postoperative complications occurred in two (9.1%) patients. The average duration of hospital stay was 4.1 days (range 3-6 days). Conclusion: Laparoscopic chloecystectomy is confirmed to be a safe and efficacious treatment for pediatric cholelithiasis. The cause for an increased incidence of pediatric gallstones and their natural history need to be further evaluated