A Paradigm Shift Within University Museums

This thesis examines the role of university museums in the United States and their relationship to academic and local communities as well as their influence on a national and international level. The purpose of this study is to identify how changes in educational, social, and cultural issues have affected the role of university museums in the United States during their almost two hundred and fifty years of evolution. A second goal is to identify which audiences (academic or public) they chose to focus on. Taking a multifaceted approach, this thesis studies three museums from Ivy League institutions: The University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology, The Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology at Harvard University, and The Peabody Museum of Natural History at Yale University. Three major research questions are explored: (1) What function or role do university museums play? and how have these changed over time? (2) What were the reasons for the development and growth in university museums? (3) How and why do university museums include or exclude certain audiences? Ultimately, this study provides an in-depth examination of the role and function of university museums in the United States since the 18th century

Witch Doctor

Illustration of witch doctor singing into microphonehttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/6816/thumbnail.jp

To What Extent Does Martial Arts Benefit Children and Adolescents, and How Does this Compare to Other, More Traditional Sports?

Physical inactivity increases the risk of death by 20-30% compared to physically active individuals.1 Worldwide, 80% of adolescents are not physically active enough, and with the rise in childhood obesity, the problem cannot be addressed too soon.2,3 Any activity that keeps children active is one that they should keep doing, but there are more efficient and beneficial ways of participating and getting the most out of the activity that children and adolescents do.3,4 The lasting and far reaching effects of physical activity includes the physical health, social functioning, mental health, activity levels and overall quality of life that an individual can have.4,5 There are more than 100 styles of martial arts worldwide, with the most popular being Karate, Judo, Taekwondo, Kung Fu, and Mixed Martial Arts.6 Taekwondo alone is practiced by more than 30 million people worldwide.6 In the United States alone, martial arts boasts a participation of more than 6.5 million children.7 Martial arts falls into a category known as combat sports, which means that it is a competitive contact sport between individuals following a set of rules to simulate real fighting.6 To understand the full reach of the martial arts umbrella, see Appendix 1 for a visual that breaks down the types of martial arts based on location of origin and style of fighting; pay particular attention to the most common styles of martial arts as previously mentioned, as those are the ones most studied. The purpose of this literature review is to explore the topic of martial arts as its benefits children and adolescents and to compare these benefits to the benefits of other, more traditional sports. To start this review, the first area of focus is the physical benefits that martial arts offers. These include flexibility, strength, endurance, and power.6,8 The participation in combat sports also causes osteogenic changes, with significant bone growth and increased bone mineral density.9 Another area of focus is the social functioning and mental health benefits that participation in martial arts has to offer. Benefits in feelings of independence, self-control, and self-esteem are seen in addition to social benefits such as increased sociability, patience, good attitude, and increased discipline.8,10 Other findings regarding social functioning demonstrated that combat sports reduced aggression, violence, delinquency, and feelings of anxiety.8,12 The last area of focus is a further look into how martial arts compares to more traditional sports. To do this, variables such as retention rates, perceived benefits, value for money, mental health across sports, and pain and injury levels will be examined.7,11,12,13 This comparison also addresses the benefits of martial arts with regards to special populations, such as those with autism.14 With only one in three children physically active every day, it has become increasingly important to look at the types of activities that will help the child and adolescent grow into adulthood the most effectively to get the most benefits and do the least harm.2 The movement and sports of children and adolescents are important as the effects from such activities encompasses the development of the child into adolescence and adulthood, leaving a lasting impact on their overall health and quality of life.4 The purpose of this literature review is to do exactly that and explain martial arts as it benefits children and adolescents and how that compares to more traditional sports

Measurement of Nucleon-Nucleon Elastic Scattering at Small Angles using the ANKE spectrometer

A fundamental understanding of the nucleon-nucleon (NN) interaction is one of the ultimate goals of nuclear and hadron physics. Apart from their intrinsic importance for the study of nuclear forces, NN elastic scattering data are necessary, for example, in the modelling of meson production and other nuclear reactions at intermediate energies. Quantum chromodynamics, the theory of strong interactions, is not able to determine the NN interaction from first principles because of its non-perturbative nature at intermediate energies (the coupling constants are too strong). Hence, phenomenological approaches are necessary to describe the NN interaction. Partial wave analyses (PWA), such as the ones regularly performed by the SAID (Scattering Analysis Interactive Dial-in) group, have proved to be truly invaluable tools over many years for researchers in this area. These analyses rely on the quantity and quality of the experimental measurements of various proton-proton (pp) and proton-neutron (pn) scattering observables at different energies over the full angular ranges. The goal of many experiments conducted at Cooler Synchrotron (COSY) has been to provide PWA with the precision measurements of NN observables that are essential for these analyses. The experiments presented in this thesis have been carried out within the ANKE collaboration at COSY-Jülich, Germany. Data were obtained using polarised or unpolarised proton beams with kinetic energies from 0.8 GeV up to 2.8 GeV and unpolarised hydrogen or deuterium cluster-jet targets. The detection system of the ANKE spectrometer is the ideal set-up for carrying out refined measurements at the small scattering angles that had not previously been investigated. The thesis comprises the measurements of the analysing power Ay and differential cross section in pp elastic scattering, and preliminary results for the analysing power in the pn quasi-free elastic scattering. These new data close an important gap in the NN database at scattering angles up to 30�° and energies up to 2.8 GeV. The results obtained are compared to the predictions from the SAID PWA published in 2007 that were based on data from earlier experiments. The impact of the present results is demonstrated by the significant changes in the low partial waves of the updated SAID PWA, which includes the new ANKE measurements as well as the existing global data

Come On-A My House

Photograph of Rosemary Clooneyhttps://scholarsjunction.msstate.edu/cht-sheet-music/9077/thumbnail.jp

Fungemia Associated with Left Ventricular Assist Device Support

Objective: Infections remain an important complication of left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. While relatively uncommon, fungal infections present a serious concern given a high association with adverse events including death. We sought to further characterize the epidemiology of fungemias during LVAD support. Methods: Retrospective review of 292 patients receiving LVAD support from October 1996 to April 2009 at the University of Michigan Health System was done. Results: Seven cases of LVAD-associated fungemia were observed during the study period (0.1 infections/1000 days of device support). Five patients had infection with Candida species and two with Aspergillus species. The two patients with Aspergillus infection presented with disseminated disease, quickly dying of multiorgan failure, and sepsis. All five patients with Candida infections were successfully treated with systemic antifungal therapy along with transplantation in four of five patients. The fifth patient is receiving mechanical support as destination therapy. He remains on long-term suppression with high-dose fluconazole. Conclusions: Fungal infections appear to be a rare but serious complication of LVAD support. Future studies should aim to improve our understanding of risk factors for fungal infection during mechanical support, especially disseminated Aspergillus . Short-term perioperative antifungal prophylaxis with fluconazole appears to be an effective and reasonable approach to prevention. (J Card Surg 2009;24:763–765)Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/78694/1/j.1540-8191.2009.00919.x.pd