Comparison of crystalloid and colloid preload on maternal hemodynamics in elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

Background: Hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section remains a common and potentially serious complication. Crystalloids are commonly used to counteract this adverse effect. Colloid solutions, such as albumin, hydroxylethyl starch (HES) and gelatin is effective alternatives. The main objective was to study to compare the effect of crystalloid and colloid preloading in elective caesarean section.Methods: It was a randomized controlled study conducted at North Bengal Medical College under Department of Anesthesiology in collaboration with Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics from July 2011 to June 2012. Eighty patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups of 40 each in group 1 (Patients with Ringer’s lactate) and group 2 (Patients with hydroxylethyl starch) before performing spinal anaesthesia.Results: In the present study, the incidence of hypotension was more in Ringer’s lactate group than hydroxylethyl starch group. The fall of systolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure were higher in Ringer’s lactate group (group 1) than 6% hydroxylethyl starch group (group 2). The changes in heart rate, SpO2 and respiratory rate were clinically insignificant in both groups. Also, the time intervals from induction to reach block height upto T5, incision-delivery were similar for group 1 and group 2. Also, there was no clinical difference in neonatal outcome as measured by Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes between group 1 and group 2.Conclusions: The preloading with 6% hydroxyethyl starch in elective caesarean section was able to prevent the maternal hypotension better than preloading with Ringer’s lactate solution without any significant neonatal adverse effect.

Antioxidant attributes of tea in North Bengal, India: Relation with its principal constituents and properties of soil

This study was performed in 18 tea gardens in North Bengal, India, from 2012 to 2017. The data were pooled to investigate the relationship with soil physico-chemical properties, phyto-constituents, antioxidant attributes and age of the tea bushes and principal component analysis (PCA). PCA and dendro-hit maps were also performed with each region. The 28 principal components were chosen based on their eigen values, explaining the total data variance for tea in Dooars, Terai and Darjeeling hill. In almost all cases, composite soil physico-chemical attributes were heavily loaded on the second principal component and clustered, as visual evidenced by the dendro-hit map. Different attributes were significantly correlated each other in case of Terai i.e. (value of “r’’ at P<0.01 level) clay fraction (0.778), electrical conductivity (0.618), N (0.777), S (0.748), P (0.514 ppm), flavour index (0.918), total polyphenol (0.687) DPPH (0.794), nitric oxide (0.913), anti-lipid peroxidation (0.717) and metal chelating (0.665). In Dooars region, attributes were significantly correlated with silt (0.718), pH (0.875), P (0.615 ), chloride (0.858), TP (0.776), flavonol (0.923), quinone (0.666), tannins (0.865), DPPH (0.536), superoxide (0.576), ABTS (0.520) and MC (0.777) and in the case of Darjeeling hills, attributes were highly correlated with clay (0.812), sand (0.818), silt fraction (0.974), K (0.932), S (0.999), MC of soil (0.671), TP (0.853), tannins (0.912), DPPH (0.624), ABTS (0.661) and MC (0.633) repectively

Comparison of crystalloid and colloid preload on maternal hemodynamics in elective caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia

Background: Hypotension after spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section remains a common and potentially serious complication. Crystalloids are commonly used to counteract this adverse effect. Colloid solutions, such as albumin, hydroxylethyl starch (HES) and gelatin is effective alternatives. The main objective was to study to compare the effect of crystalloid and colloid preloading in elective caesarean section.Methods: It was a randomized controlled study conducted at North Bengal Medical College under Department of Anesthesiology in collaboration with Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics from July 2011 to June 2012. Eighty patients were randomly allocated to two equal groups of 40 each in group 1 (Patients with Ringer’s lactate) and group 2 (Patients with hydroxylethyl starch) before performing spinal anaesthesia.Results: In the present study, the incidence of hypotension was more in Ringer’s lactate group than hydroxylethyl starch group. The fall of systolic blood pressure, mean blood pressure were higher in Ringer’s lactate group (group 1) than 6% hydroxylethyl starch group (group 2). The changes in heart rate, SpO2 and respiratory rate were clinically insignificant in both groups. Also, the time intervals from induction to reach block height upto T5, incision-delivery were similar for group 1 and group 2. Also, there was no clinical difference in neonatal outcome as measured by Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes between group 1 and group 2.Conclusions: The preloading with 6% hydroxyethyl starch in elective caesarean section was able to prevent the maternal hypotension better than preloading with Ringer’s lactate solution without any significant neonatal adverse effect.