Predicting Long-Term Personality Changes Following TBI

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is an acquired neurological disorder caused by trauma to the brain. Those who have experienced a traumatic brain injury often report changes to their personality immediately and sometimes lasting for years after the initial injury. Personality changes like depression, anxiety, mood swings, emotional lability, and impulse control can negatively affect the patient’s recovery. These changes are a result of the damage done to the frontal lobe and other parts of the brain; therefore, it is important to understand the structures and functions of the brain and how they are affected by a TBI. Research has shown that some long-term effects of TBI can be predicted from symptoms and qualities exhibited by the patient shortly following the injury. Factors such as orientation or cognitive abilities immediately following injury and the post-traumatic amnesia period can be predictive of long-term effects of TBI. Learning Outcomes: Understand the basic neurological structures and functions associated with TBI. List short- and long-term effects of TBI on personality and cognitive abilities. Discuss factors that may be predictive of long-term personality changes following TBI.https://griffinshare.fontbonne.edu/slp-posters-2023/1008/thumbnail.jp

ESTIMATING THE SUBJECT BY TREATMENT INTERACTION IN NON-REPLICATED CROSSOVER DIET STUDIES

Researchers in human nutrition commonly refer to the ‘consistent’ diet effect (i.e. the main effect of diet) and an ‘inconsistent’ diet effect (i.e. a subject by diet interaction). However, due to the non-replicated designs of most studies, one can only estimate the first part using ANOVA; the latter (interaction) is confounded with the residual noise. In many diet studies, it appears that subjects do respond differently to the same diet, so the subject by diet interaction may be large. In a search of over 40,000 published human nutrition studies, most using a crossover design, we found that in none was a subject by diet interaction effect estimated. For this paper, we examined LDL-cholesterol data from a non-replicated crossover study with four diets, the typical American diet, with and without added plant sterols, and a cholesterol-lowering Step-1 diet, with and without sterols. We also examined LDL-cholesterol data from a second crossover study with some replications with three diets, representing the daily supplement of 0, 1 or 2 servings of pistachio nuts. These two data sets were chosen because experience suggested that LDLcholesterol responses to diet tend to be subject-specific. The second data set, with some replication, allowed us to estimate the subject by diet interaction term in a traditional ANOVA framework. One approach to estimating an interaction effect in non-replicated studies is through the use of a multiplicative decomposition of the interaction (sometimes called AMMI―additive main effects, multiplicative interaction). In this type of analysis, residuals, formed after estimated main effects are subtracted from the data, are arrayed in a matrix with diets as columns and subjects as rows. A singular value decomposition of the matrix is performed and the first, or first and second, principal component(s) are used as estimates of the interaction, and can be tested for significance using approximate F-tests. Using the R gnm package, we found large and significant subject by diet interaction effects in both data sets; estimates of the interaction in the second data set were similar to interaction estimates from traditional ANOVA. Of an additional 26 dependent variables from the first and a third data set (the latter investigating the effect of mild alcohol consumption on blood variables), 19 had significant subject by diet interactions, based on the AMMI methodology. These results suggest that the subject by diet interaction is often important and should not be ignored when analyzing data obtained from non-replicated crossover designs―the AMMI methodology works well and is readily available in statistical software packages

Time As Medium

The symposium Time as Medium will explore the contemporary re-evaluation of painting and ask how painterly gestures are understood differently through time. In collaboration with KHiO. Free and open for all. This question will extend to how contemporary practices in painting work with representation, discovery, and playfulness through a medium that has historically understood itself as communicating ‘through the ages.’ If painting is not a ‘comrade of time,’ in that it is not a strict representation of a moment in time, how does its behaviour change the way painting is understood at different moments and contexts. The symposium will move outward from practice based questions of making, through examining Amy Sillman's practice, to larger questions around reception and historicization.Norsk: Symposiet Time as Medium var en lang prosess med organisering, i samarbeid med Astrup Fearnley Museet. I praksis støttet museet symposiet ved å legge til honorarer til hver foredragsholder og hjelpe til med middag og hotell for foredragsholderne. Symposiets budsjett gjorde at det realistiske antallet inviterte gjester ville være 3 personer. Dette fungerte også bra for å holde det til en eneste lang kveldsdiskusjon, som passet til formatet til Astrup Fearnleys foredragsserie. Etter mange gjentakelser og invitasjoner og samtaler, ble endelig de tre gjestene booket i april 2023: Mark Godfrey, Monika Baer og Amy Sillman. De tre foredragsholderne ble invitert til å snakke om temaer om tid i forhold til maleri. Jeg var spesielt interessert i hvordan malerier både kan illustrere tid, men at det også i refleksjon av hvordan maleri vurderes over tid, er en skiftende forståelse av hvordan tiden fungerer. Mark Godfreys foredrag var spesielt opplysende ved at han diskuterte hvordan bevegelser utviklet på 1960-tallet i maleriet faktisk ble gjentatt på begynnelsen av 20-tallet under forskjellige kategorier av tenkning. Monika Baers foredrag fokuserte på hvordan iscenesettelse og bevegelse har vært avgjørende for utviklingen av hennes arbeid, og hun kom også inn på hvordan hun innen maleriet forsøker å frembringe en bevegelse som forstås som utfolder seg gjennom tiden. Amy og samtalen min fokuserte på hvordan jeg tror at Sillmans prosess i maleriet, som er flerlags og komplisert, viser tid som utspiller seg på en samtidig måte, noe som kanskje speiler en slags samtidsforståelse av tid som eksisterer utenfor en tidslinje. Offentlig mottak: Det var en meget god mottakelse fra publikum og artister som var tilstede på foredraget. Jeg hørte veldig positive tilbakemeldinger og ble gjentatte ganger fortalt at det er et ytterligere behov for offentlige samtaler om maleri i Oslo, som jeg håper å oppfylle i min rolle ved KHIO. Kampanjen for foredraget ble spredt vidt. Jeg har tatt det opp, og jeg prøver å overbevise Amy og Monika om å tillate en online youtube-tilstedeværelse av foredraget, på Astrup Fearnley-kanalen. Jeg avventer deres tillatelse til dette, da jeg tror det ville være greit å distribuere det bredere, da mange skrev til meg at de gjerne skulle sett det på nett, utenfra. Innvirkning: Boken min, utgitt sent i 2023, med tittelen Vital Signs, og utgitt med Occasional Papers og Frans Masereel Centrum, samler 10 års forfatterskap og inkluderer en omarbeidet versjon av min introduksjon til symposiet som siste tekst. Denne boken ble veldig hjulpet, både i innhold og evne til å samle inn penger, ved å ha foredraget på Astrup Fearnley inkludert i den. Min separatutstilling Vital Signs i Kunsthall Oslo i oktober 2023 er også et direkte resultat av å kunne arrangere symposiet, samle inn penger til en skriftbok, og deretter ha en separatutstilling som følge av utstillingen. Denne utstillingen var min første separatutstilling i Norge og har lagt grunnlaget for videre utstillinger samt utvikle nye arbeidskropper, inkludert samarbeidsarbeid, og utstillingsstrategier. Jeg hadde begynt å planlegge for en serie pågående foredrag om maling i Oslo med Muralverkstedet i Oslo. Planene mine ble forsinket av treg kommunikasjon med styret, det tok måneder å få svar på om jeg kunne invitere Ragna Bley. Jeg har bestemt meg for å rette oppmerksomheten mot Color Lab i de kommende årene, med det lille budsjettet jeg kan, på campus ved KHIO. Jeg ønsker å utvikle symposiet til en bredere publikasjon. Jeg har transkripsjoner av de tre foredragene av meg selv, Amy Sillman og Monika Baer. Jeg føler dette er grunnlaget for en større bok om maleri, men jeg må søke om ytterligere prosjektmidler, eller forskningsmidler for å utvikle en serie samtaler og intervjuer som fokuserer på hvordan maleriet i seg selv er sentralt i en utvikling av terminologier og tenker som er nytt og utviklende i samtidskunstverdenen. English: The symposium Time as Medium was a long process of organising, in co-ordination with the Astrup Fearnley Museet. Practically, the museum supported the symposium by adding to each speakers fees and to helping with dinner and hotels for the speakers. The symposiums budget made it that the realistic amount of invited guests would be 3 people. This also worked well to keep it to a single long evening discussion, which suited the format of Astrup Fearnley's talks series. After many iterations and invitations and conversations, finally the three guests were booked in April of 2023: Mark Godfrey, Monika Baer and Amy Sillman. The three speakers were invited to speak on topics of time in relationship to painting. I was particularly interested in how paintings can both illustrate time, but that also in the reflection of how painting is evaluated over time, there is a changing understanding of how time functions. Mark Godfrey's talk was particularly enlightening in that he discussed how gestures developed in the 1960s in painting were in effect repeated in the early 20’s under different categories of thinking. Monika Baer’s talk focused on how staging and movement have been essential to the development of her work and she also touched on how she attempts within painting to enact a movement that is understood as unfolding through time. Amy and my conversation focused on how I believe that Sillman’s process in painting, which is multi-layered and complicated, shows time unfolding in a similtaneous manner, something that mirrors perhaps a kind of contemporary understanding of time which exists outside of a timeline. Public reception: There was a very good reception from the group of public and artists present at the talk. I heard very positive responses and was told repeatedly that there is a further need for public talks on painting in Oslo, which I hope to fulfil in my role at KHIO. The promotion for the talk was spread widely. I have recorded it and I am trying to convince Amy and Monika to allow an online youtube presence of the talk, on the Astrup Fearnley channel. I am awaiting their permission for this, as I think it would be good to distribute it more widely as many people wrote to me that they would have like d to have seen it online, from out of town. Impact: My book, published in late 2023, titled Vital Signs, and published with Occasional Papers and Frans Masereel Centrum, brings together 10 years of writing and includes a re-worked version of my introduction to the symposium as the last text. This book was very much aided, both in content and in the ability to fundraise, through having the talk at the Astrup Fearnley included in it. My solo exhibition Vital Signs at Kunsthall Oslo in October 2023 is also a direct result of being able to host the symposium, fundraise for a book of writings, and then to have a solo show to accompany the exhibition. This exhibition was my first solo exhibition in Norway and has laid the ground for further exhibitions as well as develop new bodies of work, including collaborative work, and exhibition strategies. I had begun to plan for a series ongoing series of talks on painting in Oslo with the Muralverkstedat in Oslo. My plans were delayed by slow communication with the board, it took months to hear a response to whether I could invite Ragna Bley. I’ve decided to turn attention in upcoming years to the Color Lab, with what small budget I can, on campus at KHIO. I would like to develop the symposium into a wider publication. I have transcriptions of the three talks by myself, Amy Sillman and Monika Baer. I feel this is the basis for a larger book on painting, but I need to apply for further project funding, or research funding in order to develop a series of conversations and interviews that focus on how painting itself is central to a development of terminologies and thinking that is new and developing in the contemporary art world

Renewable Energy Incentive Rates: Potential Opportunities for Iowa Farmers

Renewable energy is already generating significant benefits to Iowa‘s economy and environment. Thousands of Iowans are employed at companies that provide goods and services for wind energy and solar energy. Meanwhile, the thousands of recently installed wind turbines have allowed Iowa utilities to generate less electricity from fossil - fueled power plants, which means cleaner air and water for Iowa and beyond. Compared to just ten years ago, there has been a huge increase in the renewable energy technologies installed in both urban and rural Iowa, but the state has only begun to tap the enormous potential for renewable energy. As these resources are developed with solar photovoltaic panels, solar hot water systems, wind turbines, and other technologies, the considerable economic and environ mental benefits will only grow

Magic Polygons and Their Properties

Magic squares are arrangements of natural numbers into square arrays, where the sum of each row, each column, and both diagonals is the same. In this paper, the concept of a magic square with 3 rows and 3 columns is generalized to define magic polygons. Furthermore, this paper will examine the existence of magic polygons, along with several other properties inherent to magic polygons.Comment: 7 pages, 4 figure

Reduced Time to Admit Emergency Department Patients to Inpatient Beds Using Outflow Barrier Analysis and Process Improvement

Objective: Because admitted emergency department (ED) patients waiting for an inpatient bed contribute to dangerous ED crowding, we conducted a patient flow investigation to discover and solve outflow delays. After solution implementation, we measured whether the time admitted ED patients waited to leave the ED was reduced. Methods: In June 2022, a team using Lean Healthcare methodologies identified flow delays and underlying barriers in a Midwest, mid-sized hospital. We calculated barriers’ magnitudes of burden by the frequency of involvement in delays. During October–December 2022, solutions targeting barriers were implemented. In October 2023, we tested whether waiting time, defined as daily median time in minutes from admission disposition to departure (ADtoD), declined by conducting independent sample, single-tailed t-test comparing pre- to post-intervention time periods, January 1–September 30, 2022 (273 days) to January 1–September 30, 2023 (273 days). Additionally, we regressed ADtoD onto pre-/post period while controlling for ED volume (total daily admissions and ED daily encounters) and hospital occupancy. A run chart analysis of monthly median ADtoD assessed improvement sustainability. Results: Process mapping revealed that three departments (ED, environmental services [EVS], and transport services) co-produced the outflow of admitted ED patients wherein 18 delays were identified. The EVS-clinical care collaboration failures explained 61% (11/18) of delays. Technology contributed to 78% (14/18) of delays primarily because staff’s technology did not display needed information, a condition we coined “digital blindness.” Comparing pre- and post-intervention days (3,144 patients admitted pre-intervention and 3,256 patients post), the median minutes a patient waited (ADtoD) significantly decreased (96.4 to 87.1 minutes, P = 0.04), even while daily ED encounter volume significantly increased (110.7 to 117.3 encounters per day, P < 0.001). After controlling in regression for other factors associated with waiting, the intervention reduced ADtoD by 12.7 minutes per patient (standard error 5.10, P = 0.01; 95% confidence interval −22.7, −2.7). We estimate that the intervention translated to ED staff avoiding 689 hours of admitted patient boarding over nine months (ADtoD coefficient [−12.7 minutes] multiplied by post-intervention ED admissions [3,256] and divided by 60). Run chart analysis substantiated the intervention’s sustainability over nine months. Conclusion: After systemwide patient flow investigation, solutions resolving digital blindness and environmental services-clinical care collaboration failures significantly reduced ED admitted patient boarding.&nbsp

Stable isotope values and trophic analysis of invasive three-spined stickleback in Upper Lake Constance points to significant piscivory

The three-spined stickleback Gasterosteus aculeatus was introduced into Lake Constance in the 1940s and occupied a limited range until late 2012. Since then the species has expanded from a solely littoral habitat in Upper Lake Constance, but now makes seasonal migrations into the pelagic zone. This behavioral change has been accompanied by a drastic increase in stickleback abundance. In order to integrate information about feeding of sticklebacks in Upper Lake Constance over two consecutive years, stomach content analysis was combined with seasonal stable isotope analysis on two types of tissue (muscle and liver). Isotope values were also obtained for zooplankton, whitefish larvae and eggs. We calculated the contribution of potential food sources for sticklebacks’ diet using a Bayesian mixing model (SIMMR). Furthermore, we determined stickleback trophic position, and δ15N and δ13C values were compared with those of other fish species of Lake Constance. The results of the Bayesian model as well as the stomach content analysis showed clear evidence of stickleback predation on fish eggs and larvae. Stickleback δ15N values were elevated during winter and comparable to those of piscivorous pike, while δ15N values of zooplankton were reduced, and those of whitefish larvae were similar to those of sticklebacks after accounting trophic fractionation of N isotopes. Trophic position calculations further identified sticklebacks as piscivorous, while the δ13C values of the liver and stomach content analysis suggests that a benthic-pelagic species pair may exist in Lake Constance. These findings support the hypotheses that sticklebacks in Lake Constance can display piscivorous feeding behaviour on sympatric fish species, most likely whitefish larvae and eggs

Patterns and trends of organic matter processing and transport: Insights from the US long-term ecological research network

Organic matter (OM) dynamics determine how much carbon is stored in ecosystems, a service that modulates climate. We synthesized research from across the US Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network to assemble a conceptual model of OM dynamics that is consistent with inter-disciplinary perspectives and emphasizes vulnerability of OM pools to disturbance. Guided by this conceptual model, we identified unanticipated patterns and long-term trends in processing and transport of OM emerging from terrestrial, freshwater, wetland, and marine ecosystems. Cross-ecosystem synthesis combined with a survey of researchers revealed several themes: 1) strong effects of climate change on OM dynamics, 2) surprising patterns in OM storage and dynamics resulting from coupling with nutrients, 3) characteristic and often complex legacies of land use and disturbance, 4) a significant role of OM transport that is often overlooked in terrestrial ecosystems, and 5) prospects for reducing uncertainty in forecasting OM dynamics by incorporating the chemical composition of OM. Cross-fertilization of perspectives and approaches across LTER sites and other research networks can stimulate the comprehensive understanding required to support large-scale characterizations of OM budgets and the role of ecosystems in regulating global climate