Active ecological restoration of cold-water corals: techniques, challenges, costs and future directions

Cold-water coral (CWC) habitats dwell on continental shelves, slopes, seamounts, and ridge systems around the world's oceans from 50 to 4000 m depth, providing heterogeneous habitats which support a myriad of associated fauna. These highly diverse ecosystems are threatened by human stressors such as fishing activities, gas and oil exploitation, and climate change. Since their life-history traits such as long lifespan and slow growth rates make CWCs very vulnerable to potential threats, it is a foremost challenge to explore the viability of restoration actions to enhance and speed up their recovery. In contrast to terrestrial and shallow-water marine ecosystems, ecological restoration in deep marine environments has received minimal attention. This review, by means of a systematic literature search, aims to identify CWC restoration challenges, assess the most suitable techniques to restore them, and discuss future perspectives. Outcomes from the few restoration actions performed to date on CWCs, which have lasted between 1 to 4 years, provide evidence of the feasibility of coral transplantation and artificial reef deployments. Scientific efforts should focus on testing novel and creative restoration techniques, especially to scale up to the spatial and temporal scales of impacts. There is still a general lack of knowledge about the biological, ecological and habitat characteristics of CWC species exploration of which would aid the development of effective restoration measures. To ensure the long-term viability and success of any restoration action it is essential to include holistic and long-term monitoring programs, and to ideally combine active restoration with natural spontaneous regeneration (i.e., passive restoration) strategies such as the implementation of deep-sea marine protected areas (MPAs). We conclude that a combination of passive and active restoration approaches with involvement of local society would be the best optimal option to achieve and ensure CWC restoration success

Los corales de profundidad

En el mar profundo, allí donde la luz no llega a penetrar, el océano se hace oscuro y los ecosistemas dominados por organismos vegetales dejan paso a otros formados únicamente por animales. Entre estos ecosistemas de las zonas profundas, están los arrecifes y bosques de corales de profundidad. Como en el caso de los ecosistemas de corales tropicales, se trata de complejas estructuras tridimensionales generadas por el lento crecimiento de corales pétreos, cuyos esqueletos están formados por carbonato de calcio, así como de gorgonias y corales negros cuyos esqueletos tienen una estructura proteica. La complejidad estructural que estos organismos sésiles generan es aprovechada por multitud de especies de invertebrados y de peces que entre sus ramas encuentran refugio, alimento o el lugar idóneo de cría. Esta combinación de morfologías, colores y formas de vida da lugar a unos ecosistemas de altísima diversidad y de gran belleza. A diferencia de los corales tropicales, que se sustentan principalmente por la fotosíntesis de algas simbiontes albergadas en sus tejidos, los corales de profundidad se alimentan de las partículas y organismos que se encuentran suspendidos en el agua y que capturan gracias a los tentáculos de sus pólipos. Se trata por tanto de organismos exclusivamente heterotróficos que se alimentan de plancton y de partículas de materia orgánica. Los corales de profundidad están presentes en todos los océanos del planeta, principalmente entre 150 y 2000 m de profundidad, en aguas frías y ricas en alimento. En el Mar Mediterráneo son muchos los lugares en los que se ha observado la presencia de comunidades de corales de profundidad, especialmente en las cimas y flancos de montañas submarinas, así como en las paredes de los cañones submarinos que inciden los márgenes continentales. También se han documentado poblaciones de corales y gorgonias de profundidad en fondos rocosos de los sectores más profundos de las plataformas continentales y en sus márgenes. La elevada diversidad de especies asociada a los corales de profundidad hace de estas comunidades un enclave atractivo para la actividad pesquera. Redes y palangres de fondo pueden dañar o romper las ramas de los corales, favoreciendo así el crecimiento de organismos que los recubren y que pueden llegar a ocasionarles la muerte. Si bien la pesca de arrastre no actúa directamente en los fondos rocosos, ya que suponen un alto riesgo para el arte de pesca, el efecto que provoca su paso por los fondos sedimentarios cercanos es notable, suponiendo un importante aumento de sedimento en suspensión que puede llegar a dejar cubiertos a los corales por un fino fango del cual no pueden liberarse. A estos impactos directos hay que añadir la vulnerabilidad de estos organismos a los cambios fisicoquímicos y biológicos derivados del cambio global, especialmente los que afectan a la química de los carbonatos (acidificación), el aumento de la temperatura del agua de mar (estrés térmico) y los cambios en la circulación y la producción primaria (cambios en la disponibilidad de alimento). ​ Por todo ello, y teniendo en cuenta la elevada longevidad y el lento crecimiento de los corales de profundidad, es absolutamente necesario implementar medidas eficaces de protección de estos ecosistemas, que deben incluir la regulación de las actividades de pesca, la mejora en la selectividad de las artes de pesca para reducir su impacto, y el establecimiento de áreas marinas protegidas que incluyan las comunidades de corales de profundidad

Educación y didáctica en el contexto del saber administrativo de los programas de administración: la formación del administrador.

Este artículo busca relacionar los conceptos de educación y didáctica con el concepto de formación. La pregunta que hoy tenemos que hacernos en el contexto de la universidad es: ¿La universidad actual está formando? Frente a tantas preocupaciones que tiene hoy la universidad el problema es que ya no se reflexiona en el acto pedagógico, sino en cómo mostrar resultados cuantificables y posicionarse como marca, lo que ha hecho que las instituciones ingresan a la lógica mercantil. En este texto se busca vincular la educación con la didáctica y sus relaciones con el saber administrativo y los programas de Administración, advirtiendo que las otras dimensiones, la pedagogía y la enseñanza, no se tendrán en cuenta de manera explícita en el estudio. Se presentan, además, algunas reflexiones de los autores consultados sobre nuevas posibilidades de aprendizaje-enseñanza/educación-didáctica de la Administración, a partir de un enfoque nuevo y más coherente con el objeto de estudio de la misma: las [email protected]

Biomechanical evaluation of four femoral fixation configurations in a simulated anterior cruciate ligament replacement using a new generation of Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARSTM AC)

Background: Recent improvements in manufacturing of biomaterials have made available a new generation of artificial ligaments with better biocompatibility and design that have led to a new interest in using them for ACL reconstructions.Purpose: To evaluate the biomechanical characteristics of four femoral fixations using a Ligament Advanced Reinforcement System (LARS™ AC; LARS, Arc sur Tille, France) for anterior cruciate ligament replacement.Method: Six femoral ACL fixations in four configurations using fresh calf femurs with an interference titanium screw inserted inside to outside, an interference titanium screw inserted outside to inside, an interference titanium screw inserted inside to outside with a staple and a new transversal cortical suspension device developed by LARS™ were compared in a static loading and failure test. Output values were ultimate strength, graft slippage, mode of failure, energy to failure and stiffness.Results: The transversal fixation performed with a significantly higher failure load than others (1804 N) (p < 0.001), whereas there were no significant differences between the three fixations with interference screws. There were no significant differences of stiffness between all fixations, and the transversal device had a significantly higher graft slippage (13.1 mm) than others (all p < 0.01).Conclusions: In this in vitro evaluation, the transversal fixation exhibited better biomechanical performance under static solicitations than others. The transversal device is expected to provide better clinical results than the well-established screw system fixations for femoral ACL fixation

Stratification of radiosensitive brain metastases based on an actionable S100A9/RAGE resistance mechanism

Whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) is the treatment backbone for many patients with brain metastasis; however, its efficacy in preventing disease progression and the associated toxicity have questioned the clinical impact of this approach and emphasized the need for alternative treatments. Given the limited therapeutic options available for these patients and the poor understand- ing of the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistance of metastatic lesions to WBRT, we sought to uncover actionable targets and biomarkers that could help to refine patient selection. Through an unbiased analysis of experimental in vivo models of brain metastasis resistant to WBRT, we identified activation of the S100A9–RAGE–NF-κB–JunB pathway in brain metastases as a potential mediator of resistance in this organ. Targeting this pathway genetically or pharmacologically was sufficient to revert the WBRT resistance and increase therapeutic benefits in vivo at lower doses of radiation. In patients with primary mela- noma, lung or breast adenocarcinoma developing brain metastasis, endogenous S100A9 levels in brain lesions correlated with clinical response to WBRT and underscored the potential of S100A9 levels in the blood as a noninvasive biomarker. Collectively, we provide a molecular framework to personalize WBRT and improve its efficacy through combination with a radiosensitizer that balances therapeutic benefit and toxicity

Active ecological restoration of cold-water corals: techniques, challenges, costs and future directions

Cold-water coral (CWC) habitats dwell on continental shelves, slopes, seamounts, and ridge systems around the world’s oceans from 50 to 4000 m depth, providing heterogeneous habitats which support a myriad of associated fauna. These highly diverse ecosystems are threatened by human stressors such as fishing activities, gas and oil exploitation, and climate change. Since their life-history traits such as long lifespan and slow growth rates make CWCs very vulnerable to potential threats, it is a foremost challenge to explore the viability of restoration actions to enhance and speed up their recovery. In contrast to terrestrial and shallow-water marine ecosystems, ecological restoration in deep marine environments has received minimal attention. This review, by means of a systematic literature search, aims to identify CWC restoration challenges, assess the most suitable techniques to restore them, and discuss future perspectives. Outcomes from the few restoration actions performed to date on CWCs, which have lasted between 1 to 4 years, provide evidence of the feasibility of coral transplantation and artificial reef deployments. Scientific efforts should focus on testing novel and creative restoration techniques, especially to scale up to the spatial and temporal scales of impacts. There is still a general lack of knowledge about the biological, ecological and habitat characteristics of CWC species exploration of which would aid the development of effective restoration measures. To ensure the long-term viability and success of any restoration action it is essential to include holistic and long-term monitoring programs, and to ideally combine active restoration with natural spontaneous regeneration (i.e., passive restoration) strategies such as the implementation of deep-sea marine protected areas (MPAs). We conclude that a combination of passive and active restoration approaches with involvement of local society would be the best optimal option to achieve and ensure CWC restoration success

Closing the Sex-Based Differences in Stroke Care: Insights from a Large Telestroke Network on Treatment and Postacute Management

Background: The evolution of ischemic stroke is different accordin'g to sex and is one of the main causes of death in women. Previous studies have shown that women are less likely to receive acute treatment, and stroke center type is an important predictor of door-to-needle times. We investigated whether women are attended in a similar way to men in the telestroke network with specialized stroke physicians. Methods: A prospective registry of ischemic strokes recorded in the centralized Andalusian telestroke network was analyzed, focusing on sex differences. Demographic data, clinical characteristics, neuroimaging data, treatment intervals, follow-up visits, and clinical outcomes were collected. Results: A total of 3009 suspected stroke patients were attended to in the telestroke network from 2019 to 2023, of which 42.74% were women. Women were older (p &lt; 0.001) and less independent upon arrival (p = 0.006) than men. There was no difference in the treatment received or in the treatment time intervals between the groups. Importantly, there was no difference in modified Rankin scale scores at 3 months between sexes. At 3 months post-stroke follow-up, women had fewer imaging tests (p = 0.018) and fewer outpatient visits (p &lt; 0.001) than men. Conclusions: No significant difference between men and women has been found in the acute treatment of stroke in a large telestroke network. However, the same is not true for the follow-up and management of patients after the acute phase. This fact supports that strict adherence to protocols and specialization of care lead to equal care that avoids sex differences in stroke treatment and functional outcomes