4,870 research outputs found
Flavor SU(3) analysis of charmless B->PP decays
We perform a global fits to charmless decays which independently
constrain the vertex of the unitarity triangle. The
fitted amplitudes and phase are used to predict the branching ratios and CP
asymmetries of all decay modes, including those of the system. Different
schemes of SU(3) breaking in decay amplitude sizes are analyzed. The
possibility of having a new physics contribution to decays is also
discussed.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figs. Talk given at EPS-HEP07 To appear in the
proceedings, Reference adde
Signatures of Non-commutative QED at Photon Colliders
In this paper we study non-commutative (NC) QED signatures at photon
colliders through pair production of charged leptons and
charged scalars . The NC corrections for the fermion pair production
can be easily obtained since NC QED with fermions has been extensively studied
in the literature. NC QED with scalars is less studied. To obtain the cross
section for productions, we first investigate the structure of NC QED
with scalars, and then study the corrections due to the NC geometry to the
ordinary QED cross sections. Finally by folding in the photon spectra for a
collider with laser back-scattered photons from the
machine, we obtain 95% CL lower bound on the NC scale using the above two
processes. We find that, with , and TeV and
integrated luminosity , the NC scale up to 0.7, 1.2, and 1.6
TeV can be probed, respectively, while, for monochromatic photon beams, these
numbers become 1.1, 1.7, 2.6 TeV, respectively.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figure
|V_ub| and |V_cb|, Charm Counting and Lifetime Differences in Inclusive Bottom Hadron Decays
Inclusive bottom hadron decays are analyzed based on the heavy quark
effective field theory (HQEFT). Special attentions in this paper are paid to
the b\to u transitions and nonspectator effects. As a consequence, the CKM
quark mixing matrix elements |V_ub| and |V_cb| are reliably extracted from the
inclusive semileptonic decays B\to X_u e \nu and B\to X_c e \nu. Various
observables, such as the semileptonic branch ratio B_SL, the lifetime
differences among B^-, B^0, B_s and \Lambda_b hadrons, the charm counting n_c,
are predicted and found to be consistent with the present experimental data.Comment: 20 pages, Revtex, 4 figures and 2 table
Inclusive Decays of Bottom Hadrons in New Formulation of Heavy Quark Effective Field Theory
We apply the new formulation of heavy quark effective field theory (HQEFT) to
the inclusive decays of bottom hadrons. The long-term ambiguity of using heavy
quark mass or heavy hadron mass for inclusive decays is clarified within the
framework of the new formulation of HQEFT. The order corrections are
absent and contributions from terms are calculated in detail. This
enables us to reliably extract the important CKM matrix element from
the inclusive semileptonic decay rates. The resulting lifetime ratios
and are found to well agree
with the experimental data. We also calculate in detail the inclusive
semileptonic branching ratios and the ratios of the and decay
rates as well as the charm countings in the , and
systems. For decays, all the observables are found to be consistent with
the experimental data. More precise data for the decays and further
experimental measurements for the and systems will be very
useful for testing the framework of new formulation of HQEFT at the level of
higher order corrections.Comment: 20 pages, RevTex, 8 figures, 3 tables, revised version with `dressed
heavy quark' being addressed, to be published in Int. J. Mod. Phys.
All-optical switching in lithium niobate directional couplers with cascaded nonlinearity
We report on intensity-dependent switching in lithium niobate directional couplers. Large nonlinear phase shifts that are due to cascading detune the coupling between the coupler branches, which makes all-optical switching possible. Depending on the input intensity, the output could be switched between the cross and the bar coupler branches with a switching ratio of 1:5 and a throughput of 80%
Tailoring a two-dimensional electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (001) interface by epitaxial strain
Recently a metallic state was discovered at the interface between insulating
oxides, most notably LaAlO3 and SrTiO3. Properties of this two-dimensional
electron gas (2DEG) have attracted significant interest due to its potential
applications in nanoelectronics. Control over this carrier density and mobility
of the 2DEG is essential for applications of these novel systems, and may be
achieved by epitaxial strain. However, despite the rich nature of strain
effects on oxide materials properties, such as ferroelectricity, magnetism, and
superconductivity, the relationship between the strain and electrical
properties of the 2DEG at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface remains largely
unexplored. Here, we use different lattice constant single crystal substrates
to produce LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces with controlled levels of biaxial epitaxial
strain. We have found that tensile strained SrTiO3 destroys the conducting
2DEG, while compressively strained SrTiO3 retains the 2DEG, but with a carrier
concentration reduced in comparison to the unstrained LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface.
We have also found that the critical LaAlO3 overlayer thickness for 2DEG
formation increases with SrTiO3 compressive strain. Our first-principles
calculations suggest that a strain-induced electric polarization in the SrTiO3
layer is responsible for this behavior. It is directed away from the interface
and hence creates a negative polarization charge opposing that of the polar
LaAlO3 layer. This both increases the critical thickness of the LaAlO3 layer,
and reduces carrier concentration above the critical thickness, in agreement
with our experimental results. Our findings suggest that epitaxial strain can
be used to tailor 2DEGs properties of the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface
Puzzles in physics
I discuss some puzzles observed in exclusive meson decays, concentrating
on the large difference between the direct CP asymmetries in the and modes, the large
branching ratio, and the large deviation of the mixing-induced CP asymmetries
in the penguins from those in the trees.Comment: 6 pages, 1 figure, talk presented at the 9th Workshop on High Energy
Physics Phenomenology, Bhubaneswar, Orissa, India, Jan. 3-14, 2006; reference
adde
All-Optical Integrated Mach-Zehnder Switching Due To Cascaded Nonlinearities
We demonstrate all-optical switching using the cascaded second order nonlinearity in a fully integrated, asymmetric Mach Zehnder interferometer implemented in lithium niobate channel waveguides. We obtained an 8:1 switching ratio
- …