How Much Does R&D Decision Depend on Firm, Industry, Group and its Interactions?

In the recent year, technological progress through research and development (R&D) has been widely recognized as a key factor contributing to economic growth and competitiveness of the economy. In the traditional industrial organization (IO) literature R&D activities was considered to be an important conduct variable that can affect performance of the industry. Industrial organization (IO) literature stresses that the R&D behaviour is linked to industry structure and has the ability to create barriers to entry. On the other hand subsequent studies have stressed on the strategic groups within an industry as the main driving force behind the R&D behaviour of firms. However, the resource based view stresses on the internal capability of the firm as the main driving force. They also emphasized that the behaviour of the firm is path dependent. This study is an attempt to measure the effects of industry, group, and firm on R&D behaviour of the firm and their interaction. The study uses both continuous and categorical variables in an ANCOVA setting. The sample consists of data about Indian companies across 29 industries during 1995-2003. The findings show that though the effects of the industry and the firm are important, the most significant contributor is the effect of the interaction between the groups and the industry.R&D decisions , business groups

1-(2,6-Dichlorobenzoyl)-3-(3-methoxyphenyl)thiourea

The two aromatic rings in the title compound, C15H12Cl2N2O2S, enclose a dihedral angle of 37.49 (6)°. The molecule exists in the solid state in its thione form with typical thiourea C-S and C-O bonds lengths, as well as shortened C-N bonds. An intramolecular N-H...O hydrogen bond stabilizes the molecular conformation. In the crystal, molecules are connected by N-H...O and N-H...S hydrogen bonds, forming chains running along the alpha axis. Key indicators: single-crystal X-ray study; T = 173 K; mean σ (C–C) = 0.002 Å; disorder in main residue; R factor = 0.035; wR factor = 0.087; data-to-parameter ratio = 18.9

EVALUATION OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF ANAEROBIC DIGESTATE AND ITS EFFECT ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE

Pakistan is an agricultural country. The increased population leads to increasing demand for food. Unfortunately, crops are infected by different microbes and nutrient deficiency of soil adversely affects the yield of the crop. Furthermore, the use of chemical fertilizers like Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium (NPK), Urea, Diammonium phosphate (DAP) and pesticides have environmental consequences. Therefore, so there is need to find alternative renewable and sustainable biofertilizers

Volatility Spillover from the Fear Index to Developed and Emerging Markets

This paper examines cross-market volatility linkages among the fear index (VIX), the developed-market index (VXEFA), and the emerging-market index (VXEEM). Analysis on the first moments of volatilities reveals that the fear index has a leading role and has information content for VXEFA and VXEEM. A shock to the fear index spillovers to VXEFA and VXEEM and contributes 57.07% and 63.77% to their shocks, respectively. Further analysis on the second moments of volatilities confirms that the volatility indices are highly dynamically correlated while the fear index drives the correlation dynamics with the VXEEM. Correlations increase in turbulent periods and decrease in tranquil periods

Volatility Spillover from the Fear Index to Developed and Emerging Markets

This paper examines cross-market volatility linkages among the fear index (VIX), the developed-market index (VXEFA), and the emerging-market index (VXEEM). Analysis on the first moments of volatilities reveals that the fear index has a leading role and has information content for VXEFA and VXEEM. A shock to the fear index spillovers to VXEFA and VXEEM and contributes 57.07% and 63.77% to their shocks, respectively. Further analysis on the second moments of volatilities confirms that the volatility indices are highly dynamically correlated while the fear index drives the correlation dynamics with the VXEEM. Correlations increase in turbulent periods and decrease in tranquil periods

Sensor - Based Human Activity Recognition Using Smartphones

It is a significant technical and computational task to provide precise information regarding the activity performed by a human and find patterns of their behavior. Countless applications can be molded and various problems in domains of virtual reality, health and medical, entertainment and security can be solved with advancements in human activity recognition (HAR) systems. HAR is an active field for research for more than a decade, but certain aspects need to be addressed to improve the system and revolutionize the way humans interact with smartphones. This research provides a holistic view of human activity recognition system architecture and discusses various problems associated with the design aspects. It further attempts to showcase the reduction in computational cost and significant achievement in accuracy by methods of feature selection. It also attempts to introduce the use of recurrent neural networks to learn features from the long sequences of time series data, which can contribute towards improving accuracy and reducing dependency on domain knowledge for feature extraction and engineering

A Common Fixed Point Theorem for Four Compatible Mappings of Type (P) In Complete Metric Space

The purpose of this paper is to present a common unique fixed-point theorem for four self mappings in complete metric space using weaker condition such as compatible of type (P) and associated sequence in place of compatible mappings .Our result generalizes the results of Sharma, Badshah and Gupta [5], Lohani and Badshah [3] and Singh and Chouhan [6]. Keywords: Complete metric Space, compatible mappings, compatible mappings of type (P), common fixed point. Mathematics Subject Classification: 54H25, 47H10

Brainstem tuberculoma as a manifestation of paradoxical reaction in a patient with tuberculous meningitis.

Tuberculosis commonly involves the CNS, During drug treatment of CNS tuberculosis paradoxical response (PR) may occasionally occur. The term “paradoxicalresponse”refers to the development of previously nonexistent tuberculosis lesions or worsening of preexisting lesions during antituberculosis treatment( ATT). Etiology is still not clear but delayed type hypersensitivity and alteration in immune system is thought to be a cause. Continued treatment improves PR without severe sequelae. We report a 41 year-old female patient with tuberculous meningitis(TBM) who developed brainstem tuberculomaduring the course of ATT, after about 9 months of treatment as a paradoxical response to ATT. Early identification, continuation of ATT with steroids and ventriculoperitoneal shunting to relieve raised intracranial pressure resulted in complete recovery of our patient. Clinicians should be aware of this phenomenon as it can lead to clinical worsening as late as 9 months. The objective of this case report is to increase knowledge of clinicians about this phenomenon and also to report its such late occurrence

PARALLELISMS BETWEEN INDIVIDUAL AND ORGANIZATIONAL CAREER

In the conditions of the competitive economy, a special role has the capitalization of the human and the managerial potential. Career management aims at planning and modeling the progress of employees within the organization in relation to the needs assessments of the organization, but also in relation to the performance of the potential and individual preferences of employees. Career involves the interaction between organizational and individual factors and this paper presents the parallelism between organizational career management (OCM) and individual career management (ICM). The purpose of this paper is to study the theoretical and applied aspects of the career. In order to highlight these aspects, a research was undertaken within an organization, which allowed the study of the career process and the major influencing factors