An overview of irrigation in Pakistan

Irrigation management / Groundwater potential / River basin development / Pakistan

Determination of galactic cosmic ray latitudinal gradient using Earth based detectors

Using cosmic ray intensity data from the Deep River Neutron monitor and the relation between solar wind velocity and heliomagnetic latitude, an attempt is made to evaluate quantitatively the latitudinal gradient of cosmic ray intensity during the periods dominated by a two sector pattern. Assuming a constant orientation of the heliospheric current sheet on a time scale of the order of a year, a relationship is determined between cosmic ray intensity and heliomagnetic latitude

The Effect of Thermal Aging to The Impact Properties of Glasss Fiber Reinforced Epoxy

Fiber reinforced composite materials are widely used in automotive industries and aviations due to their special characteristics such as high strength to weight ratio. As the fiber reinforced composites are used as structural materials, they are sometimes used in more complex environments such as in high temperature application. Under thermal aging condition, thermal stresses may develop in composite laminates due to the difference in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the fibers and the matrix. This environment is known to cause degradation of composite materials. For this reason, an experiment is done to investigate the effect of thermal aging to the impact characteristics of the structures. In this study, two different types of glass fiber reinforced epoxy with varied fiber orientation are studied after being impacted by a standard drop weight with 10-J impact energy. Thermal aging is performed by exposing the sample to the temperature of 1000C for 50 hours. The damage zone are studied by using ultrasonic non-destructive inspection. The impact resistance of both form of fibers are declined when subjected to thermal aging. The damage area produced is larger and it shows that extreme temperature greatly affect the structural intergrity of the structures. Thick woven glass reinforced composite shows the best structural behavior with minimal damage area. Thin chopped glass fiber reinforced composite has the lowest impact resistance among the others which produce the largest damage area. The test revealed the woven glass fiber are more ductile than the chopped glass fiber

Knowledge management initiatives, innovation and GLC performance

A model of knowledge management initiatives, innovation and performance evaluation was developed and tested on listed Malaysian Government-Linked companies (GLC). Data collected from 273 employees representing the three different levels of management were subjected to structural equation modeling analysis. The proposed model fits the data well. Results indicate that employees perceived knowledge management initiatives as important antecedents of innovation in the GLC, and innovation in return resulted in better organizational performance