Characterization and Toxicity of Hypoxoside Capped Silver Nanoparticles

The reducing potential of plant extracts in the green synthesis of nanoparticles has been associated with their phytochemicals. Although pharmacologically inactive, a norlignan diglucoside “hypoxoside” (HP) occurs in large quantities in the extract of Hypoxis hemerocallidea (HE). In this work, HP was isolated from HE where both were used in the biosynthesis of the corresponding silver nanoparticles (HP-AgNPs and HE-AgNPs). The AgNPs were fully characterized using various physicochemical techniques and their antimicrobial and anticancer properties were evaluated. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed sizes of 24.3 ± 4 nm for the HE-AgNPs and 3.9 ± 1.6 nm for the HP-AgNPs. The HE-AgNPs demonstrated enhanced anti-bactericidal effects on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of 1.95 µg/mL, competing well with the standard drug. The cytotoxic activity showed that the HE-AgNPs reduced cell viability with an IC50 of 0.81 and 4.0 µg/mL, respectively, for the U87 and U251 cells, while the HP-AgNPs displayed 0.20 and 0.55 µg/mL for both cell lines, respectively. Furthermore, while the HE-AgNPs were selective to U87 alone, the HP-AgNPs were selective to both glioblastoma cells tested. The study demonstrated the ability of a single phytoconstituent (hypoxoside), not only as the chief bioreductant in the extract, but also as a standalone reducing and capping agent, producing ultra-small, spherical, and monodispersed AgNPs with enhanced biological properties

Comparative Studies on Phytochemical Constituents Andantimicrobial Activity on Three Onion Species

Communication in Physical Sciences, 2021, 7(4): 463-470 Authors: L. Ibrahim,A. Abdulazeez,S. Ummisalma, A. Usman, S. U. Nagenu, U. Badeggi,  S. H.  Mohammed, A. I.  Muhammad  and F. B. Salahuu Received: 02 October 2021/Accepted 21  December 2021 Several studies have been carried out on the phytochemical constituents of onions, without recourse to the understanding that there are different species of onions (Allium cepa, Allium ascalanicum and Crinum ornatum). This study is designed to determine and compare the phytochemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of different species of onions. Phytochemical analysis was carried out on the different plant samples using wass distilled water, ethanol and chloroform as solvents. The results gotten show that flavonoid, saponin and steroids were present while tannin was present in the ethanol extract and absent in the rest extract. Glycosides were present in distilled and chloroform extracts, alkaloid was present in both distilled water and ethanol extracts but absent in the chloroform extract. Hydroxyl anthraquinone was absent in all three samples Phytochemical data for Crinum ornatum, indicated the absence of flavonoid, tannins and hydroxyl anthraquinone was absent in distilled water extract, for the ethanol extract flavonoid, tannins saponin, glycosides alkaloid were present while steroid and hydroxyl anthraquinones were absent. Flavonoid, saponin, glycosides steroid, and hydroxyl anthraquinones were absent in the chloroform extract while tannins and alkaloids were present. The information obtained for their phytochemical analysis indicated that onion bulbs have some medicinal valuece. The antimicrobial investigations show that the ethanol extracts of crinum ornatum, allium cepa and allium ascalonicumexhibited11.2, 8.9and 8.9mm which is consistent with a zone of high inhibition against the Staphylococcus aureus while the distilled water and chloroform extracts showed minimum inhibitory action. However, Efaecalis ethanol extracts of allium cepa, allium ascalanicum, and cranium ornatumdisplayedthe highest inhibitory action of 4.84.8and 8.2mm respectively for E. faecalis, compared to distilled water, ethanol. For E-colalsohighgh inhibitory zones exhibited ethanol extract of crinum ornatum (8.6 mm),  allium cepa (5.8mm) and allium ascalonicum (5.8mm) were also observed., compared to distilled water and chloroform extracts that exhibited inhibitory zones positioned at 18and 4.4 and 4.4 mm for crinum ornatum, allium cepa and allium ascalonicumrespectively. Other active inhibitory zones were also observed and they gave evidence that the different species of onions have certain .antimicrobia propertie

Comparative Study of the Medicinal Values of Indigoferatinctoria and Gossypium Hirsutum

Communication in Physical Sciences, 2021, 7(4): 370-377 Authors: I. Ibrahim, A. Abdulazeez*, ,Z. M. Kolo, A. Usman, S. U. Nagenu, U. M. Badeggi, S. H. Mohammed,. A. I. Muhammad, and  F. B. Salahuu  Received: 24 September 2021/Accepted 05 December 2021 Phytochemical screening was carried out using official and recommended analytical methods while the antimicrobial sensitivity test was implemented using the agar well diffusion method. From the phytochemical analysis of indigoferatinctoria extract, the results gotten, indicated the presence of significant concentrations of saponins, alkaloids and steroids,  compared to the concentrations of flavonoids,  tannins, glycoside,  steroids(which were relatively minimal) and hydroxyl-anthraquinones (which was absent). The antimicrobial sensitive tests conducted on chloroform extract showed no activities against the selected bacteria, i.e Salmonella typhi, E.coli. Also,  Staphylococcus aureus was not affected when treated with chloroform extract of Indigoferatinctoria but rather against ampicloxacillin control at 500 mg|ml The ethanolic extract showed minimal activities against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus but not against Salmonella typhi Distilled water extract of indigoferatinctoria displayed activity against E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus but not against Salmonella typhi. Results recorded for phytochemical analysis indicated the presence of glycosides, alkaloids and steroids in all Gossypium hirsutum extract but not for tannins, flavanoid, and saponins extracts. The antimicrobial sensitivity test for antimicrobial of some selected organism against gossypiumhirutum extract shows no activities when treated with the plant extract in both ethanol and distilled water extract but shows minimum activity with chloroform extract against Salmonella typhi at 80mg/ml and 100mg/ml. From the results obtained,gossypiumhirsutum extract showed no activity against the pathogen The antimicrobial activity of Indigoferatinctoria and Gossypium hirsutum  may be harnessed for the treatment of infections caused by bacteria if toxicological tests  confirm gives negative result