6 research outputs found
Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°
The article notes the fact that uranium hexafluoride (UHF) is the only uranium compound in a gaseous state under conditions close to normal to be used in the enrichment of natural uranium with an isotope. It is noted that during the hydrolysis of UHF in the air of a working room, this room is polluted with gases and aerosols that are carriers of uranium and fluorine atoms, which have a negative chemical and radiation effect on the human body. This, of course, poses problems when using uranium hexafluoride at the enterprises of the nuclear industry both in everyday work and, especially, in possible emergency situations. The problems lie with a need for protective measures, development of the quantitative assessment methods for the intake of toxic substances, and establishment of relationships between the amount of incorporated (ingested) substance and the measure of its effect on the body. A review of certain publications on the quantitative description of the uranium and fluorine intake in the body of employees is given. The paper notes an involvement of this articleβs authors in solving this issue in their previous works too. Their calculation methods are described. The conditions under which they were carried out and the experimental results that they used were described. The article presents the calculation results both of the uranium mass intake in the body (by the timeΒ t) that characterizes the toxic effect of uranium and of the numberΒ Q of decays accumulated in the body that characterize the radiation effect. The uranium penetration through the skin (percutaneous intake) in an emergency and under normal production conditions is considered. There is given a description of two models suitable for calculations, which are distinguished by various accounting for metabolism when uranium moves from the UHF source to the exit from the human body in the natural way. It is indicated that one of the models was partially borrowed from publications of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The results obtained using two different models are compared and recommendations are made regarding their use depending on the tasks assigned to the researcher.Π ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΎΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ΅Π΅ΡΡ Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ, Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° (ΠΠ€Π£), ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌ 235U. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ ΠΠ€Π£ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡΡ
Π΅ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ Π·Π°Π³ΡΡΠ·Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π³Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ Π°ΡΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠΈ, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ Π½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠΌΠΈ Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ°, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
Π½Π΅Π³Π°ΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. ΠΡΠΎ, Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΈ Π³Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΡ
Π°ΡΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½Π΅Π²Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ΅, ΡΠ°ΠΊ ΠΈ, ΡΠ΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠ°ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π² Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ, Π² ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π² ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠΌ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ) Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ, ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΡΠ° Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΉ. ΠΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π΅ΡΡΡ, ΡΡΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΠ΄ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°Ρ
Π°Π²ΡΠΎΡΡ Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ°. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ, ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈΡΡ. Π Π½Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ (ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΒ t) ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π°, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΠ»Π°Β Q Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π² ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π΄ΠΎΠ², Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·ΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅. Π Π°ΡΡΠΌΠΎΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅) Π² Π°Π²Π°ΡΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
. ΠΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΡΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΠ΅ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΎΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½Π° ΠΎΡ ΠΈΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ° ΠΠ€Π£ Π΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° Π΅ΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±ΡΠ»Π° Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΉ ΠΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡΠ½Π°ΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π·Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ (ΠΠΠ Π). ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π²Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡΠΌ ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠΌ ΠΈ Π²ΡΡΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π² Π·Π°Π²ΠΈΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΌ Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ
FAVOR (FAst Variability Optical Registration) -- A Two-telescope Complex for Detection and Investigation of Short Optical Transients
An astronomical complex intended to detect optical transients (OTs) in a wide
field and follow them up with high time resolution investigation is described.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To be published in "Il Nuovo Cimento",
Proceedings of the 4th Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow
Era, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendr
On percutaneous injection of toxic substances into the human organism from the workplace atmosphere
This article describes theoretical research methods of percutaneous injection of uranium hexafluoride and its hydrolysis products into the human organism. Integral and differential models were considered. Capabilities of each model were described. Results on the settling of uranium and fluorine onto the skin surface, on the deposition of those substances in the organism in emergency situation and under regular industry conditions were obtained using both specified models and presented in this paper. The distribution of uranium over separate organs was also presented. It was shown that under certain operating conditions at the place of production, accumulation of uranium in the kidneys exceeds critical value that leads to their disease. The importance of obtained results for solving the matters of protection of employees from occupational diseases and medical assistance to those in emergency situation was demonstrated