6 research outputs found

    Π Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Π±ΠΎΡ€Ρƒ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΎΠΏΠΈΡΡ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ воздСйствиС Π½Π° Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° гСксафторида ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π°

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    The article notes the fact that uranium hexafluoride (UHF) is the only uranium compound in a gaseous state under conditions close to normal to be used in the enrichment of natural uranium with an isotope. It is noted that during the hydrolysis of UHF in the air of a working room, this room is polluted with gases and aerosols that are carriers of uranium and fluorine atoms, which have a negative chemical and radiation effect on the human body. This, of course, poses problems when using uranium hexafluoride at the enterprises of the nuclear industry both in everyday work and, especially, in possible emergency situations. The problems lie with a need for protective measures, development of the quantitative assessment methods for the intake of toxic substances, and establishment of relationships between the amount of incorporated (ingested) substance and the measure of its effect on the body. A review of certain publications on the quantitative description of the uranium and fluorine intake in the body of employees is given. The paper notes an involvement of this article’s authors in solving this issue in their previous works too. Their calculation methods are described. The conditions under which they were carried out and the experimental results that they used were described. The article presents the calculation results both of the uranium mass intake in the body (by the timeΒ t) that characterizes the toxic effect of uranium and of the numberΒ Q of decays accumulated in the body that characterize the radiation effect. The uranium penetration through the skin (percutaneous intake) in an emergency and under normal production conditions is considered. There is given a description of two models suitable for calculations, which are distinguished by various accounting for metabolism when uranium moves from the UHF source to the exit from the human body in the natural way. It is indicated that one of the models was partially borrowed from publications of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). The results obtained using two different models are compared and recommendations are made regarding their use depending on the tasks assigned to the researcher.Π’ ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ отмСчаСтся Ρ‚ΠΎΡ‚ Ρ„Π°ΠΊΡ‚, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ СдинствСнноС соСдинСниС ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π°, находящССся Π² Π³Π°Π·ΠΎΠΎΠ±Ρ€Π°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΌ состоянии ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ условиях, Π±Π»ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΈΡ… ΠΊ Π½ΠΎΡ€ΠΌΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ, гСксафторид ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π° (Π“Π€Π£), ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠ·ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ΡΡ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΠ³Π°Ρ‰Π΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π° ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠΌ 235U. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π³ΠΈΠ΄Ρ€ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·Π΅ Π“Π€Π£ Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·Π΄ΡƒΡ…Π΅ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‡Π΅Π³ΠΎ помСщСния происходит загрязнСниС этого помСщСния Π³Π°Π·Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ аэрозолями, ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΡ носитСлями Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ² ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π°, ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Ρ‹Π²Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Π½Π΅Π³Π°Ρ‚ΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ΅ химичСскоС ΠΈ Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ воздСйствиС Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ°. Π­Ρ‚ΠΎ, СстСствСнно, создаСт ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ‹ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ использовании гСксафторида ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π° Π½Π° прСдприятиях Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠΌΡ‹ΡˆΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡ‚ΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π² повсСднСвной Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π΅, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΈ, Ρ‚Π΅ΠΌ Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π΅, Π² Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½Ρ‹Ρ… ситуациях. Π—Π°ΠΊΠ»ΡŽΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‚ΡΡ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ Π² нСобходимости осущСствлСния Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π½Ρ‹Ρ… мСроприятий, Π² Ρ€Π°Π·Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚ΠΊΠ΅ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² количСствСнной ΠΎΡ†Π΅Π½ΠΊΠΈ поступлСния токсичных вСщСств ΠΈ Π² установлСнии связСй ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ количСством ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΠΎΡ€ΠΏΠΎΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ (ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ) вСщСства ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ€ΠΎΠΉ Π΅Π³ΠΎ воздСйствия Π½Π° ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ. ΠŸΡ€ΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ‚ΡΡ Π½Π΅ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΉ ΠΎΠ±Π·ΠΎΡ€ ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ, посвящСнных количСствСнному описанию поступлСния ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π° ΠΈ Ρ„Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Π° Π² ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ² прСдприятий. ΠžΡ‚ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‡Π°Π΅Ρ‚ΡΡ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ Π² ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄Ρ‹Π΄ΡƒΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ… Π°Π²Ρ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ настоящСй ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠΈ Ρ‚ΠΎΠΆΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΈ участиС Π² Ρ€Π΅ΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ этого вопроса. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠ΄Ρ‹ ΠΈΡ… расчСтов. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ условия, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹Ρ… ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΡŒ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Π°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹Π΅ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹, ΠΊΠΎΡ‚ΠΎΡ€Ρ‹ΠΌΠΈ ΠΎΠ½ΠΈ пользовались. Π’ настоящСй ΡΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΡŒΠ΅ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ‹ Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚Ρ‹ расчСта массы ΠΏΠΎΡΡ‚ΡƒΠΏΠΈΠ²ΡˆΠ΅Π³ΠΎ Π² ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌ (ΠΊ ΠΌΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Ρ‚Ρƒ Π²Ρ€Π΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈΒ t) ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π°, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰Π΅ΠΉ токсичСскоС воздСйствиС ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ расчСта числа Q Π½Π°ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹Ρ… Π² ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅ распадов, Ρ…Π°Ρ€Π°ΠΊΡ‚Π΅Ρ€ΠΈΠ·ΡƒΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π΄ΠΈΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ воздСйствиС. РассмотрСно поступлСниС ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π° Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Π΅Π· ΠΊΠΎΠΆΡƒ (ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€ΠΊΡƒΡ‚Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ΅ поступлСниС) Π² Π°Π²Π°Ρ€ΠΈΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ситуации ΠΈ Π² ΠΎΠ±Ρ‹Ρ‡Π½Ρ‹Ρ… производствСнных условиях. ΠžΠΏΠΈΡΠ°Π½Ρ‹ Π΄Π²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΠΈ, ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹Π΅ для провСдСния расчСтов, ΠΎΡ‚Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π°ΡŽΡ‰ΠΈΠ΅ΡΡ Ρ€Π°Π·Π»ΠΈΡ‡Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Ρ‚ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π² ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π΄Π²ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΈ ΡƒΡ€Π°Π½Π° ΠΎΡ‚ источника Π“Π€Π£ Π΄ΠΎ Π²Ρ‹Ρ…ΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΎΡ€Π³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° СстСствСнным ΠΏΡƒΡ‚Π΅ΠΌ. Π£ΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, Ρ‡Ρ‚ΠΎ частично ΠΎΠ΄Π½Π° ΠΈΠ· ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ Π±Ρ‹Π»Π° заимствована ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΡƒΠ±Π»ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ†ΠΈΠΉ ΠœΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄ΡƒΠ½Π°Ρ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ комиссии ΠΏΠΎ радиологичСской Π·Π°Ρ‰ΠΈΡ‚Π΅ (ΠœΠšΠ Π—). ΠŸΡ€ΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΎ сравнСниС Ρ€Π΅Π·ΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚Π°Ρ‚ΠΎΠ², ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡƒΡ‡Π΅Π½Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Π΄Π²ΡƒΠΌ Ρ€Π°Π·Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ модСлям ΠΈ высказаны Ρ€Π΅ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΄Π°Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρƒ ΠΈΡ… использования Π² зависимости ΠΎΡ‚ поставлСнных ΠΏΠ΅Ρ€Π΅Π΄ исслСдоватСлСм Π·Π°Π΄Π°Ρ‡

    FAVOR (FAst Variability Optical Registration) -- A Two-telescope Complex for Detection and Investigation of Short Optical Transients

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    An astronomical complex intended to detect optical transients (OTs) in a wide field and follow them up with high time resolution investigation is described.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures. To be published in "Il Nuovo Cimento", Proceedings of the 4th Rome Workshop on Gamma-Ray Bursts in the Afterglow Era, eds. L. Piro, L. Amati, S. Covino, B. Gendr

    On percutaneous injection of toxic substances into the human organism from the workplace atmosphere

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    This article describes theoretical research methods of percutaneous injection of uranium hexafluoride and its hydrolysis products into the human organism. Integral and differential models were considered. Capabilities of each model were described. Results on the settling of uranium and fluorine onto the skin surface, on the deposition of those substances in the organism in emergency situation and under regular industry conditions were obtained using both specified models and presented in this paper. The distribution of uranium over separate organs was also presented. It was shown that under certain operating conditions at the place of production, accumulation of uranium in the kidneys exceeds critical value that leads to their disease. The importance of obtained results for solving the matters of protection of employees from occupational diseases and medical assistance to those in emergency situation was demonstrated
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