Effects of inhalation of Freon 113 on laboratory animals

Four monkeys, 8 dogs, 40 mice, and 50 rats were exposed continuously to 2000 ppm Freon 113 in a Thomas Dome for 14 days. This exposure produced no mortalities nor adverse symptomology. There were no significant alterations in hematological values, clinical chemistries, electroencephalographic findings, body weights, or organ to body weight ratios. The effect of 2% Freon 113 on nicotinic transmission through the stellate ganglion of the spinal dog was also evaluated. The exposure induced a reduction in nicotinic transmission comparable to 2% halothane

Observation of mixed anisotropy in the critical susceptibility of an ultrathin magnetic film

Measurements of the magnetic susceptibility of Fe/W(110) films with thickness in the range of 1.6 to 2.4 ML Fe, show that in addition to the large response along the easy axis associated with the Curie transition, there is a much smaller, paramagnetic hard axis response that is not consistent with the 2D anisotropic Heisenberg model used to describe homogeneous in-plane ferromagnets with uniaxial anisotropy. The shape, amplitude, and peak temperature of the hard axis susceptibility, as well as its dependence upon layer completion close to 2.0 ML, indicate that inhomogeneities in the films create a system of mixed anisotropy. A likely candidate for inhomogeneities that are magnetically relevant in the critical region are the closed lines of step edges associated with the incomplete layers. According to the Harris criterion, the existence of magnetically relevant inhomogeneities may alter the critical properties of the films from those of a 2D Ising model. Experiments in the recent literature are discussed in this context.Comment: 9 two-column pages, 6 figures. This replacement has a new title and abstract, and one additional figur

Optimal control of predictive mean-field equations and applications to finance

We study a coupled system of controlled stochastic differential equations (SDEs) driven by a Brownian motion and a compensated Poisson random measure, consisting of a forward SDE in the unknown process $X(t)$ and a \emph{predictive mean-field} backward SDE (BSDE) in the unknowns $Y(t), Z(t), K(t,\cdot)$. The driver of the BSDE at time $t$ may depend not just upon the unknown processes $Y(t), Z(t), K(t,\cdot)$, but also on the predicted future value $Y(t+\delta)$, defined by the conditional expectation $A(t):= E[Y(t+\delta) | \mathcal{F}_t]$. \\ We give a sufficient and a necessary maximum principle for the optimal control of such systems, and then we apply these results to the following two problems:\\ (i) Optimal portfolio in a financial market with an \emph{insider influenced asset price process.} \\ (ii) Optimal consumption rate from a cash flow modeled as a geometric It\^ o-L\' evy SDE, with respect to \emph{predictive recursive utility}

Investigation of spray dispersion and particulate formation in diesel fuel flames

An experimental study of electrostatical atomized and dispersed diesel fuel jets was conducted at various back pressures to 40 atm. A new electrostatic injection technique was utilized to generate continuous, stable fuel sprays at charge densities of 1.5 to 2.0 C/m3 of fluid at one atm, and about 1.0 C/m3 at 40 atm. Flowrates were varied from 0.5 to 2.5 ml/s and electric potentials to -18 kV. Visual observations showed that significant enhanced dispersion of charged fuel jets occurred at high back pressures compared to aerodynamic breakup and dispersion. The average drop size was about the same as the spray triode orifice diameter, and was between the Kelly theory and the Rayleigh limit. The ignition tests, done only at one atm, indicated stable combustion of the electrostatically dispersed fuel jets

Systematics of heavy-ion fusion hindrance at extreme sub-barrier energies

The recent discovery of hindrance in heavy-ion induced fusion reactions at extreme sub-barrier energies represents a challenge for theoretical models. Previously, it has been shown that in medium-heavy systems, the onset of fusion hindrance depends strongly on the "stiffness" of the nuclei in the entrance channel. In this work, we explore its dependence on the total mass and the $Q$-value of the fusing systems and find that the fusion hindrance depends in a systematic way on the entrance channel properties over a wide range of systems.Comment: Submitted to Phys. Rev. Lett., 5 pages, 3 figure

Beam-Energy and System-Size Dependence of Dynamical Net Charge Fluctuations

We present measurements of net charge fluctuations in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 19.6, 62.4, 130, and 200 GeV, $Cu + Cu$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} =$ 62.4, 200 GeV, and $p + p$ collisions at $\sqrt{s} =$ 200 GeV using the net charge dynamical fluctuations measure $\nu_{+-,dyn}$. The dynamical fluctuations are non-zero at all energies and exhibit a rather modest dependence on beam energy. We find that at a given energy and collision system, net charge dynamical fluctuations violate $1/N_{ch}$ scaling, but display approximate $1/N_{part}$ scaling. We observe strong dependence of dynamical fluctuations on the azimuthal angular range and pseudorapidity widths.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, presented at the 19th International Conference on Ultra-Relativistic Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions, "Quark Matter 2008", Jaipur, India, February 4-10, 200

Bifurcation Phenomena in Two-Dimensional Piecewise Smooth Discontinuous Maps

In recent years the theory of border collision bifurcations has been developed for piecewise smooth maps that are continuous across the border, and has been successfully applied to explain nonsmooth bifurcation phenomena in physical systems. However, many switching dynamical systems have been found to yield two-dimensional piecewise smooth maps that are discontinuous across the border. The theory for understanding the bifurcation phenomena in such systems is not available yet. In this paper we present the first approach to the problem of analysing and classifying the bifurcation phenomena in two-dimensional discontinuous maps, based on a piecewise linear approximation in the neighborhood of the border. We explain the bifurcations occurring in the static VAR compensator used in electrical power systems, using the theory developed in this paper. This theory may be applied similarly to other systems that yield two-dimensional discontinuous maps

Simultaneous observation of high order multiple quantum coherences at ultralow magnetic fields

We present a method for the simultaneous observation of heteronuclear multi-quantum coherences (up to the 3rd order), which give an additional degree of freedom for ultralow magnetic field (ULF) MR experiments, where the chemical shift is negligible. The nonequilibrium spin state is generated by Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) and detected at ULF with SQUID-based NMR. We compare the results obtained by the heteronuclei Correlated SpectroscopY (COSY) with a Flip Angle FOurier Series (FAFOS) method. COSY allows a quantitative analysis of homo- and heteronuclei quantum coherences