539 research outputs found

    Public debt sustainability and crises in emerging market countries: a presentation of the concepts and diagnostic tools.

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    The growth of public debt in emerging market countries during the 1990s and recent financial crises have once again highlighted the risks associated with fragile public finances in these countries. The debt restructurings of the 1980s resulted from excessive debt vis-à-vis international banks. The 1990s saw a strong surge in financing on bond markets, which also brought risks with it and contributed to changing the nature and pattern of sovereign debt crises. The 1990s were marked by crises in investor confidence leading to sudden reversals in capital flows and sharp exchange rate movements, in turn sparking contagion phenomena between different economic sectors and countries. In this context, the government has a crucial role to play in limiting the impact of the drop in revenue. When public finances are fragile, doubts about the government’s ability to meet the financial cost of its intervention can contribute to prolonging the crisis or to triggering unsustainable debt dynamics. Emerging market countries that are heavily indebted in foreign currencies and subject to intermittent access to financial markets are particularly vulnerable to changes in international investor sentiment. Against this backdrop, the formulation of diagnoses making it possible to identify the risks weighing on public finances in emerging market countries is an important issue for the international community. In the light of recent experience, over the past few years the IMF has developed an analytical framework that should contribute to better account being taken of potential vulnerabilities in this area. This article begins by recalling that the rise in public debt in emerging market countries has gone hand in hand with the growth in debt financing and that “capital account crises” have had a significant impact on public finances. It reviews the traditional analysis of debt sustainability and the factors that may explain the instability of debt dynamics in emerging market countries. Lastly, it presents the methods for debt sustainability analysis used by the IMF and the difficulties involved in making diagnoses.

    Le comportement d’épargne des mĂ©nages en 2010.

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    Les mĂ©nages français ont, comme leurs homologues europĂ©ens, rĂ©duit leur effort d’épargne au bĂ©nĂ©fice de leur consommation. Leurs choix de placements se sont orientĂ©s vers les produits bancaires liquides au dĂ©triment de l’assurance-vie.Épargne, Ă©pargne financiĂšre, taux d’épargne, mĂ©nages français, placements, dĂ©pĂŽts, plans d’épargne logement, livret A, actions, titres d’OPCVM, assurance-vie, titres de crĂ©ance, immobilier, investissement, inflation, consommation.

    Éguisheim – Parking de la mairie, Grand’rue

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    La prescription de diagnostic archĂ©ologique sur la commune d’Éguisheim, parking de la Mairie, Grand’Rue a Ă©tĂ© motivĂ©e par le projet de d’extension du parking de la place de la Mairie situĂ© dans un environnement archĂ©ologique extrĂȘmement riche en gisements de toutes pĂ©riodes. L’opĂ©ration concerne une surface d’environ 9 000 m2 et a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par une Ă©quipe de deux agents d’ArchĂ©ologie Alsace du 29 au 31 aoĂ»t 2017. Le diagnostic a principalement rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© la prĂ©sence d’une occupation de La TĂšne..

    Bischwihr – Kleinwoerth, route d’Andolsheim

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    La prescription de diagnostic archĂ©ologique sur la commune de Bischwihr (rue d’Andolsheim, lieu-dit Kleinwoerth) a Ă©tĂ© motivĂ©e par la construction d’un lotissement, sur environ 1,25 ha, dans un secteur oĂč plusieurs occurrences archĂ©ologiques ont Ă©tĂ© recensĂ©es. La prescription a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tablie par le service rĂ©gional de l’archĂ©ologie et a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©e par une Ă©quipe de deux archĂ©ologues d’ArchĂ©ologie Alsace, entre le 6 et le 7 juin 2017. Le diagnostic n’a pas rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© d’occupations anciennes signif..

    Mutzig – 33 boulevard ClĂ©menceau

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    Le projet de construction d’une maison individuelle sur la commune de Mutzig Ă  proximitĂ© immĂ©diate du gisement moustĂ©rien de Mutzig Rain, a motivĂ© la prescription, par le service rĂ©gional de l’archĂ©ologie , d’un diagnostic archĂ©ologique au 33 boulevard ClĂ©menceau. RĂ©alisĂ© les 12 et 13 septembre 2017 par une Ă©quipe de deux agents d’ArchĂ©ologie Alsace, le diagnostic archĂ©ologique n’a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© aucune trace d’occupation humaine ancienne

    Mutzig – 47 boulevard ClĂ©menceau

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    Le projet de construction d’une maison individuelle sur la commune de Mutzig Ă  proximitĂ© immĂ©diate du gisement moustĂ©rien de Mutzig Rain, a motivĂ© la prescription, par le service rĂ©gional de l’archĂ©ologie, d’un diagnostic archĂ©ologique au 47 boulevard ClĂ©menceau. RĂ©alisĂ© le 12 octobre 2017 par une Ă©quipe de deux agents d’ArchĂ©ologie Alsace, le diagnostic archĂ©ologique n’a rĂ©vĂ©lĂ© aucune trace d’occupation humaine ancienne

    Mutzig – Lotissement Les Trois Pics, route de Strasbourg

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    Le projet de crĂ©ation d’un lotissement d’habitation Ă  Mutzig Les Trois Pics, rue de Strasbourg, oĂč le contexte archĂ©ologique est marquĂ© par une forte intensitĂ© d’occupations palĂ©olithiques ainsi que par des vestiges d’occupations historiques, a motivĂ© la prescription d’un diagnostic archĂ©ologique par le service rĂ©gional de l’archĂ©ologie. RĂ©alisĂ© les 27 et 28 septembre 2017 par une Ă©quipe de deux agents d’ArchĂ©ologie Alsace, ce diagnostic archĂ©ologique a permis de mettre au jour deux structure..

    La destination finale des placements financiers des ménages français.

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    Les mĂ©nages français ont modifiĂ© la structure de leurs portefeuilles au cours des quinze derniĂšres annĂ©es au profit des contrats d’assurance-vie. Ils investissent une part croissante de leur Ă©pargne Ă  l’étranger, via les intermĂ©diaires financiers.MĂ©nages, patrimoine financier, Ă©pargne, intermĂ©diation, dĂ©pĂŽts, crĂ©dits, titres de crĂ©ance, valeurs mobiliĂšres, actions, OPCVM, sociĂ©tĂ©s d’assurance, profondeur financiĂšre, bases de dĂ©tention de titres.

    Chasing Down Foreigners at the French-Italian Border (Hautes-Alpes) as a Matter of Social and Racial Policing

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    In the town of Briançon (Hautes-Alpes), on the French side of the French-Italian border, the border police (PAF) controls for those who have crossed the border illegally by operating on a discretionary basis. Mobile police practices include tracking down racialised people across the mountains. These practices expose illegal migrants to dangers inherent in the high-mountain environment and are part of a continuum of police and administrative violence committed against them. Migration control in the Briançon area demonstrates how the mountains can be integrated into power strategies that reinforce the dominance of certain social groups. It also shows that borders today, which facilitate the mobility of “legitimate” foreign populations and hinder that of “undesirable” foreign populations, function by identifying individuals and differentiating them on the basis of race and class. The persistence of “police hunts for illegal humans” (Chamayou, 2010) as a control technology helps us, on the whole, to understand how migration control on France’s borders forms part of a “colonial present” (Gregory, 2004)

    La traque policiĂšre des Ă©tranger·es Ă  la frontiĂšre franco-italienne (Hautes-Alpes) comme « maintien de l’ordre » social et racial

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    À la frontiĂšre franco-italienne du Briançonnais (Hautes-Alpes), le contrĂŽle des Ă©tranger·es en situation irrĂ©guliĂšre par la police aux frontiĂšres (PAF) opĂšre de maniĂšre discrĂ©tionnaire, ciblant a priori les individus Ă  contrĂŽler. Les pratiques policiĂšres mobiles prennent la forme de traques des personnes racisĂ©es Ă  travers le massif montagneux. Ces pratiques exposent les Ă©tranger·es irrĂ©gularisé·es aux dangers du milieu de haute-montagne et s’inscrivent dans un continuum de violences policiĂšres et administratives Ă  leur Ă©gard. Le contrĂŽle migratoire dans le Briançonnais Ă©claire d’une part la maniĂšre dont la montagne peut ĂȘtre intĂ©grĂ©e Ă  des stratĂ©gies de pouvoir qui participent Ă  produire la domination de certains groupes sociaux ; et d’autre part, le fait que les frontiĂšres contemporaines, facilitant la mobilitĂ© des populations Ă©trangĂšres « lĂ©gitimes » et entravant celle des populations Ă©trangĂšres « indĂ©sirables », fonctionnent grĂące Ă  une identification des individus et une diffĂ©renciation des populations selon des critĂšres de classe et de race. La persistance des traques, ou « chasses policiĂšres aux humains illĂ©gaux » (Chamayou, 2010), comme technologie de contrĂŽle interroge plus largement la maniĂšre dont le contrĂŽle migratoire aux frontiĂšres françaises s’inscrit dans un « prĂ©sent colonial » (Gregory, 2004).In the town of Briançon (Hautes-Alpes), on the French side of the French-Italian border, the border police (PAF) controls for those who have crossed the border illegally by operating on a discretionary basis. Mobile police practices include tracking down racialised people across the mountains. These practices expose illegal migrants to dangers inherent in the high-mountain environment and are part of a continuum of police and administrative violence committed against them. Migration control in the Briançon area demonstrates how the mountains can be integrated into power strategies that reinforce the dominance of certain social groups. It also shows that borders today, which facilitate the mobility of “legitimate” foreign populations and hinder that of “undesirable” foreign populations, function by identifying individuals and differentiating them on the basis of race and class. The persistence of “police hunts for illegal humans” (Chamayou, 2010) as a control technology helps us, on the whole, to understand how migration control on France’s borders forms part of a “colonial present” (Gregory, 2004)
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