Comparative study between dynamic hip screw and plate with proximal femoral nailing in trochanteric fractures of femur

Background: Incidence of intertrochanteric fractures has increased significantly during recent years and it will probably continue to rise in near future due to increased longevity of life. Closed methods of treatment for intertrochanteric fractures have increased mortality rates & have largely been abandoned. Rigid internal fixation and early mobilization has been the standard protocol of treatment nowadays. This study was intended to compare the results of Intertrochanteric fractures treated by dynamic hip screw (DHS) over proximal femoral nailing (PFN).Methods: This is a randomized prospective study of 102 cases of intertrochanteric fractures, admitted to Mysore Medical College & Hospital, Mysore and ESIC medical college and hospital Kalaburagi and Kamareddy Ortho & Trauma care Hospital Kalaburagi; treated with proximal femoral nailing and DHS. The patients were divided randomly into two groups, each of 51 patients, 51 were treated by Dynamic Hip Screw & 51 were treated with proximal femoral nail (PFN).All patients were followed up for one year.Results: In our series of 102 patients of Intertrochanteric fractures, 51 were treated with sliding hip screw with plate and 51 were treated by an intra-medullary hip screw. Most of the patients were between 51 to 80 years. Slip and trivial fall accounted for 70% cases. Right side was more common accounted for 58.34% of cases. Conclusions: From our study, we consider PFN as better alternative to DHS in more unstable fractures with technically difficulty and require more experience. Sliding hip screw remains the implant of choice for stable type fractures. We noticed less operative time, less blood loss, fewer intra-op complications in PFN group. The quality of the reduction achieved & proper positioning of the implant are important to achieve the best post-operative outcome

Effective Lagrangian Approach to the Fermion Mass Problem

An effective theory is proposed, combining the standard gauge group $SU(3)_{C}\otimes SU(2)_{L}\otimes U(1)_{Y}$ with a horizontal discrete symmetry. By assigning appropriate charges under this discrete symmetry to the various fermion fields and to (at least) two Higgs doublets, the broad spread of the fermion mass and mixing angle spectrum can be explained as a result of suppressed, non-renormalisable terms. A particular model is constructed which achieves the above while simultaneously suppressing neutral Higgs-induced flavour-changing processes.Comment: 21 pages, UM-P-93/81, latex file, 1 figure available on reques

A Simple Grand Unified Relation between Neutrino Mixing and Quark Mixing

It is proposed that all flavor mixing is caused by the mixing of the three quark and lepton families with vectorlike fermions in 5 + 5-bar multiplets of SU(5). This simple assumption implies that both V_{CKM} and U_{MNS} are generated by a single matrix. The entire 3-by-3 complex mass matrix of the neutrinos M_{nu} is then found to have a simple expression in terms of two complex parameters and an overall scale. Thus, all the presently unknown neutrino parameters are predicted. The best fits are for theta_{atm} less than or approximately 40 degrees. The leptonic Dirac CP phase is found to be somewhat greater than pi radians.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, one table. Typos correcte

Low-energy formulas for neutrino masses with tan⁡β\tan \beta-dependent hierarchy

Using radiative correction and seesaw mechanism,we derive analytic formulas for neutrino masses in SUSY unified theories exhibiting, for the first time, a new hierarchial relation among them.The new hierarchy is found to be quite significant especially for smaller values of $\tan\beta$.Comment: 10 pages,REVTEX, no figures,typographical errors rectifie

Techniques to Enhance the Quality of Service of Multi Hop Relay Networks

AbstractBroadband internet access through the user equipment has become the hot research topic. The shadowing and multipath issues restrict the high performance nature of 4G cells. In Multi hop Relay (MHR) networks, Relay Stations (RS) are introduced to improve coverage and capacity of the system. There exist some issues like path selection and RSs deployment, which severely affects the Quality of Service (QoS) of the system. In this paper, to improve the QoS of MHR networks, Load Aware Routing Metric (LARM) based path selection and a low complex Burst Profile (BP) based RS deployment schemes are discussed

Common fixed point theorems through generalized altering distance functions

In this paper we obtain a unique common fixed point theorem, for four self maps using a generalized altering distance function in four variables , which generalizes and improves the main theorem of Choudhury [2]. We also obtain a Gregus type common fixed point theorem for four maps as a corollary