Validation of high performance liquid chromatographic and spectrophotometric methods for the determination of the antiparkinson agent pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate in pharmaceutical products

abstract The antiparkinson agent pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate was quantified in pharmaceutical products by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and derivative spectrophotometry. The first method was based on HPLC using tamsulosin HCl as an internal standard. In this method, chromatographic separation was achieved using a LiChrospher 60 RP column at 25°C, with a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min at 263 nm. The eluent comprised 0.01 mol/L ammonium acetate (pH 4.4) and acetonitrile (35:65 by volume). The linearity range was found to be 10.0-30.0 µg/mL with a mean recovery of 100.5 ± 1.10. The limit of detection (8 ng/mL) and limit of quantification (50 ng/mL) were calculated. In the second method, the first derivative spectrophotometric technique for the determination of pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate was performed by measuring the amplitude at 249 and 280 nm. In the first derivative technique, the absorbance and concentration plot was rectilinear over the 5.0-35.0 µg/mL range with a lower detection limit of 1.5 ng/mL and quantification limit of 4.5 ng/mL. The typical excipients included in the pharmaceutical product do not interfere with the selectivity of either method. The developed methods were validated for robustness, selectivity, specificity, linearity, precision, and accuracy as per the ICH and FDA guidelines (ICH Q2B, 1996; FDA,2000). In conclusion, the developed methods were successful in determining the quantity of the antiparkinson agent pramipexole dihydrochloride monohydrate in pharmaceutical products. The RSD values for the pharmaceutical product used in this study were found to be 0.97% for the HPLC method and 0.00% for the first derivative spectrophotometric method

Ethnobotanical study of traditional herbal plants used by local people of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve in Eastern Ghats, India

Introduction: Ethnobotany is the study of medicinal plants used by local people, with particular importance of old-styled tribal beliefs and information. Ethnobotanical studies focus on ethnic knowledge of Adivasi people and development of data bases on ethnic knowledge but also focuses on preservation and regeneration of traditional beliefs and maintenance of traditional knowledge. Objective: The aim of present study is to highlight the traditional actions of herbal plants used by inborn Yanadi community of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve, Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh, India. Methods: The ethnobotanical field survey was conducted according to the methods adopted by some authors. In-depth interviews, interactions were conducted with tribal physicians of Yanadi, Nakkala and Irula as well as other tribes practicing and experiencing the use of plant-based medicine. A normal inquiry form was used to gather the appropriate data on herbal plants and their usage of inborn people’s lifestyle. Extensive consultations among local people and detailed documentation of the usage of plants were carried out in 2014–2017. The aged outmoded opinions and imposts of indigenous people conceded on by word of opening were documented. Results: A total of 266 medicinally used plant species belonging to 216 genera and 88 families were recognized with help of inborn herbal healers. The study also chronicled the mode of herbal arrangements, mode of the use of herbal plants in various disorders. The study exposed that native people of Seshachalam Biosphere Reserve have good medicinal information and also have preserved plant-based medicinal system of their ascendants used all their diseases. Most of medicinal plants are used in the treatment of indigestion, snake bite and skin diseases. The authors feel that this type of study certainly helps identify ethnic leads for drug development in future. Conclusions: The ethnobotanical investigation of Seshalam Biosphere area has revealed that the tribes possess good knowledge on plant-based medicine but as they are towards in advanced exposure to transformation, their information on traditional uses of plants is slowly getting eroded. The authors plead for intensive crosscultural studies involving all ethnic tribes in the country for prioritizing or short listing of ethnic leads for various disorders for ultimately developing global level drugs for human welfare and economy development

Experimental Investigations and Study of Tribological Behaviour of Alternate WC Coated Bearing Surfaces

AbstractCoated bearing surfaces exhibit relatively better tribological properties compared with non-coated surfaces irrespective of the coating technology used. An attempt is made to study the effectiveness of alternately coated bearing surfaces with hard material. Striped alternate coated bearing surface with hard material ends up with a bearing surface having alternate bands of soft and hard materials. I the current work Tungsten carbide is taken as hard coating material. A Circular MS (2%-C, 1.65%-Mn, 0.6%-Cu, and 0.6%-Si) disc with alternate WC coating has been developed with plasma spray technique and experiments are designed using full factorial design approach. Tribological properties like wear, coefficient of friction and frictional force were found by conducting number of experiments on both uncoated and coated disks. Pin-on-disk apparatus is used for experimentation. Significant factors were identified and models are developed by using regression analysis. ANOVA is used for analysing results. Experimental results for both the alternate coated and uncoated discs were analysed and correlated

Measuring direction of arrival in cognitive radio systems using variable step adaptive learning for spectrum sensing

In wireless communications cognitive radios are rapidly growing technology and it is used in medical telemetry applications to provide treatment to remote located patients on time. Generally, interferences are occurred due to a shortage of frequency range and spectrums. To avoid these interferences new technologies are developed with cognitive radios. In the received signal there are some noisy signals are occurred due to signal estimation is not done properly. For estimating input signal primary user and secondary user signals direction of arrival is taken into consideration. To improve further output and to remove noise signals of received signal proposed an adaptive learning methodology. In this paper a regularization based variable step adaptive learning algorithm (VSALA) is developed for avoiding minimum disturbance constraint functions in cost function. Further regularization factor and step size combination results a faster convergence when compared to conventional normalized adaptive algorithm (NALA). The proposed learning methodology is analysed for different threshold values like 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 for estimating the direction of arrival (DOA) and their corresponding beam forming patterns are shown

Conservation status of <i>Hildegardia populifolia</i> (Roxb.) Schott & Endl. (Malvaceae: Sterculioideae: Sterculieae), an endemic of southern peninsular India

Hildegardia populifolia (Roxb.) Schott & Endl. an endemic tree of southern peninsular India is assessed in terms of the IUCN Red List status. New data from field surveys indicated Vulnerable species categorization for H. populifolia

Conservation of wild orchids in Sri Krishnadevaraya University Botanic Garden, Anantapur, Andhra Pradesh, India

Sri Krishnadevaraya University Botanic Garden currently harbouring 32 species of wild orchids collected from the Eastern Ghats of Andhra Pradesh are listed in this paper