Comparison of Coaches' and Athletes' Causal Attributions after Success and Failure: A Survey of the Islamic Azad Universities of District 10

Abstract: This study aimed at comparison of coaches' and athletes' causal attributions after success and failure. The population of the study consisted of all the coaches and athletes who attended the sports teams of the Islamic Azad universities of district 10. From among the population, 50 coaches (25 males and 25 females) and 50 athletes (25 males and 25 females) were selected randomly. A modified version of Attribution Style questionnair

The effect of detraining following an endurance training program on bone metabolism markers in asthmatic men

Mazaher Habibnezhad , Babisan Askari , Saqqa Farajtabar Behrestaq , Asra Askari Background: This study investigated the impact of a 3-week detraining period, followed by 10 weeks of aerobic training, on the serum levels of osteocalcin and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in asthmatic males. Methods: Thirty adult males with asthma were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group engaged in a 10-week aerobic training program, which included running sessions 3 times per week for 30-60 minutes each, maintaining a target heart rate range of 55%-75% of their maximum heart rate (HRmax). In contrast, the control subjects did not participate in any exercise activities during the study period. Fasting blood samples were obtained at baseline, after aerobic training, and after detraining to measure the levels of osteocalcin and ALP in both groups. Results: The 10-week aerobic training program led to a significant increase in levels of osteocalcin and ALP in the experimental group, but following the detraining period, these variables returned to their pre-training levels. Conclusion: The effectiveness of continuous aerobic training on bone formation markers in asthmatic patients will disappear after a relatively short period of detraining. This evidence emphasizes the lack of stopping aerobic exercise in the presence of inhaled corticosteroids with the aim of improving bone metabolism in asthmatic patients

Investigating the Effect of Two Models of High-Intensity Interval on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Body Composition in Women with Vitamin D Deficiency

Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency and obesity are very common and are closely related to structural and functional changes in the brain. Therefore, it is important to use efficient lifestyle methods to increase the health of the nervous system. Therefore, in this study, the effect of two high-intensity interval training (HIIT) models on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and body composition in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency was compared. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, 39 overweight women with low vitamin D status, selected through available sampling, were randomly assigned to control groups, resistance HIIT and running HIIT. Resistance HIIT consisted of three sets with an intensity of 80% of a maximum repetition with 2.5 min active recovery between the sets. Running HIIT was performed in 12x1-min running bouts at 80-90% HRmax interspersed with 1 min active recovery. The subjects trained 3 times a week for 8 weeks. Blood samples were taken before and after 8 weeks of training. Data were analyzed by one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, and paired t-test (p<0.05). Results: 8 weeks of training led to a significant increase in the BDNF serum levels and decreased weight and body fat percentage in the experimental groups (p<0.001). Also, a significant difference was observed between the percentage changes in BDNF averages between the experimental groups (p<0.001). Conclusion: It seems that both types of resistance HIIT and HIIT running can improve the health of the central nervous system in overweight women with vitamin D deficiency by increasing BDNF levels; however, HIIT running was associated with stronger effects compared to resistance HIIT

Evaluation of Possible Changes in Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Sleep Quality in Inactive Young Women with Vitamin D Deficiency after a Period of the High -Intensity Interval Running Training with Vitamin D Intake

Background & objectives: Obesity and vitamin D (VD) deficiency is associated with poor sleep quality (SQ), and lifestyle changes can effectively improve SQ. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of high- intensity interval running training (HIIRT) with VD intake on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and SQ in young women with VD deficiency. Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 52 women with an average age of 25.98±1.95 years, body mass index of 27.54±1.13 kg/m2 and low VD status. After being selected by the available sampling method, the subjects were randomly divided into control, running training, VD and combined groups. HIIT performed in 12x1-min running bouts at 80-90% HRmax interspersed with one minute of active recovery. VD was consumed weekly with a dose of 50,000 units. SQ was measured using the Pittsburgh Sleep Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA with repeated measures, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis and paired t- test (p<0.05). Results: After 8 weeks, the levels of BDNF in the experimental groups increased and the SQ score decreased significantly (p<0.05). But the combined intervention had more effect on the change of SQ scales (p<0.05) and BDNF (p<0.001) compared to the other two interventions (p<0.05). In addition, no significant difference was observed between the changes in the SQ score of the running training and VD groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Lifestyle changes such as HIIT, VD intake, and combined intervention can lead to improvement of SQ through the up-regulation of BDNF in women with overweight and VD deficiency. Also combined intervention may have more potent effects on improving these variables