Dental and Oral Hygiene Pocket Guide to Improve Tooth Brushing Skills and Dental Hygiene Status of Children with Disabilities through Parental Assistance

The results of the Riset Kesehatan Dasar (RISKESDAS) in 2018 stated that oral health problems in the Indonesian population increased in 2018. In 2013, the percentage of the Indonesian population who had oral and dental problems was 25.9% and then increased in 2018 to 57.6%. Forced children are quite vulnerable to oral health problems. The poor state of the oral cavity is due to unsupervised brushing, other factors such as brushing techniques, motor skills and assistance that are still ignored. In addition, there is a lack of visualization to understand and master oral hygiene practice techniques. Brushing is a common way to clean teeth from plaque and other dental debris. Plaque that remains in the oral cavity is one of the local irritant factors that cause caries and gingivitis. Therefore, the Dental and Oral Health Pocketbook innovation was made to overcome problems related to the dental health maintenance behavior of children with disabilities through parental assistance. Some of the steps applied in this activity include the preparation, implementation, and evaluation stages. This activity involved 7 children with disabilities, each accompanied by their parents in the implementation process. As a result of this activity, it can be concluded that the Pocket Guide proved to be effective in helping children with disabilities understand and apply proper tooth brushing techniques. In addition to improving skills, the program also succeeded in raising awareness about the importance of maintaining oral health.Keyword : pocket guide; tooth brushing skills; dental hygiene status; children with disabilitie

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Pengaruh Minuman Keras Di Kalangan Remaja Di Desa Kanelu Kecamatan Wewewa Tengah Kabupaten Sumba Barat Daya Nusa Tenggara Timur.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengetahui alasan remaja memilih mengkonsumsi minuman keras; (2) mengetahui perilaku sosial remaja pecandu minuman keras; (3) mengetahui pengaruh minuman keras terhadap pendidikan remaja. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah seluruh remaja di Desa Kanelu dan sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 10 orang dan 4 informan dengan teknik pengumpulan data yang di lakukan, yaitu melalui Observasi, Wawancara dan Dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) alasan remaja mengkonsumsi minuman keras dikarenakan; rasa ingin tahu yang tinggi, pelarian diri dari masalah, karena ajakan teman; (2) perilaku sosial remaja pencandu minuman keras tidak disenagi dimasyarakat hal dikarenakan pecandu tidak segan-segan melakukan tindakan kriminal, pencurian, keributan akibat berantam atau perkelahian; (3) adanya pengaruh minuman keras terhadap pendidikan remaja diantarnya: prestasi menurun, hal ini dikarenakan siswa motivasi belajar siswa yang kurang, sering bolos sekolah, suka mengantuk atau tidur didakam kelas. Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa alasan remaja mengkonsumsi minuman keras dikarenakan minuman keras menjanjikan suatu kenikmatan sehingga remaja menjadikan minuman keras sebagai sandaran untuk mengatasi sebuah masalah, dan dampak dari minuman keras sendiri dapat menambah tingkat kriminal dan pencurian yang tinggi. Begitu pun pendidikan, minuman keras dapat membunuh minat dan motivasi belajar siswa yang akhirnya berdapak pada prestasi belajar siswa. Oleh karena itu, sebaiknya bagi kaum remaja disarankan untuk menjauhi minuman keras itu sendiri agar, kesehatan, keamanan lingkunagan, keselamatan, dan prestasi belajar dapat berjalan dan tercapi dengan optimal

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USE OF POCKETBOOKS AS PARENTS' GUIDELINES IN MAINTAINING THE DENTAL AND MOUTH CLEANLINESS OF CEREBRAL PALSY CHILDREN

Dental and oral health problems are often experienced by children with special needs. Limitations in physical and mental development can affect the process of maintaining dental and oral health. Children with special needs in the disabled group have disorders where their body parts are not perfect because they experience disabilities caused by damage to the bones, muscles, and joints so that they do not function normally. The shortcomings of children with physical impairments require parental assistance in maintaining dental and oral health. Providing counseling and giving pocketbooks to parents is an alternative to strengthening the maintenance of dental and oral health for children with physical impairments. This community service activity was carried out at SLB Jepara on a sample of children with physical impairments. The method used in this activity is the Health system approach, namely: Input – Process – Output. The results of the service carried out showed a decrease in the debris index value in children. The good debris index category after implementation was obtained by all respondents. The dental and oral hygiene pocketbook for parents of physically disabled children is used as a tool to increase parents' knowledge about dental and oral health and hygiene