Transcriptional regulation in early development: identification of downstream targets through time series perturbation in Xenopus tropicalis

This thesis aims to improve our understanding of zygotic gene regulation during early vertebrate development using Xenopus tropicalis as a model system. The aim of the first part of the work was to differentiate between maternal polyadenylation and zygotic transcription as mechanisms of gene activation in the early embryo. This work used non-polyA+ selective gene expression analysis to systematically discriminate de novo zygotic transcription from polyadenylation of maternal transcripts. It concludes that immediate post-fertilisation transcripts are activated by polyadenylation and shortly before mid-blastula transition (MBT) transcription becomes the dominant mechanism of activation. The motivation then was to explore the gene regulatory network downstream of early activated transcription factors. A morpholino screen of early, transiently activated transcription factors was carried out and Mix1 was selected for its early, penetrant phenotype. The aims of the following work were to identify the targets of Mix1, and to evaluate the use of knockdown time-series RNA-seq as a means of determining transcription factor targets. To identify downstream targets of Mix1, the transcriptomes of knockdown and control embryos were compared over a time course. This work concludes that the time-series RNA-seq approach can be used to identify candidate Mix1 targets, but that these may include morpholino-specific off-target effects. The final aim was to control for off-target morpholino effects and to validate candidate Mix1 targets. To do so, two additional knockdown time-series were generated using two different translation blocking morpholinos targeting Mix1 and Mixer. In addition, mix1-expressing animal cap explants were transcriptionally profiled to validate candidate Mix1 targets. This work concludes that nine Mix1 validated activatory targets are found, most of which are transcription factors which are enriched for functions in neural development indicating a novel role for Mix1, as well as functions in antero-posterior and dorsal-ventral patterning, supporting previous publications linking Mix1 to dorso-anterior development

Optimum sowing dates for soybean in Central India using CROPGRO and ClimProb symbiosis

The optimum sowing dates for soybean cv. Gaurav were derived for Jabalpur, Raipur and Gwalior in the state of Madhya Pradesh in central India. Dates were derived based on two strategies: (a) probabilities of rainfall and temperature events using ClimProb, a PC based software package, and (b) the CROPGRO Soybean v3.0 crop growth simulation model. In Madhya Pradesh, the optimum sowing dates for multiple cropping, with the first crop as soybean under rainfed conditions, are between weeks 25 and 27, while the optimum sowing dates for rainfed mono-cropping are between weeks 28 and 29

Inovasi Pembuatan Kerupuk Kulit Sapi Di Home Industry UD. MUSLIM Kelurahan Cakra Selatan Kecamatan Cakranegara Kota Mataram

Kelurahan Cakra Selatan Kecamatan Cakranegara merupakan salah satu Kelurahan sebagai pusat Home Industry pembuatan kerupuk kulit sapi/kerbau dan produk olahan hasil peternakan lainnya. Salah satu startegi untuk meningkatkan nilai jual kulit sapi/kerbau yang masih segar yaitu diolah menjadi kerupuk kulit. Tujuan dari program ini adalah meningkatkan nilai jual kulit sapi/kerbau yang selama ini hanya dijual dalam bentuk segar dengan harga yang relatif murah. Metode yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan program adalah metode Participatory Research Appraisal (PRA) yaitu bentuk metode yang melibatkan semua anggota mitra sasaran dalam melakukan melakukan program kerja. Dari program yang telah dilaksanakan, diperoleh hasil bahwa Usaha pembuatan kerupuk kulit sapi/kerbau dapat meningkatkan kesejahteran  pelaku home industry  dan karyawan dengan nilai B/C ratio sebesar 1,26. Dalam pembuatan kerupuk kulit yang dilakukan oleh pengrajin home industry kerupuk kulit UD MUSLIM memiliki kelemahan yaitu penanganan atau penyimpanan kulit yang sudah dikeringkan dan layout ruang produksi yang masih belum tertata baik, penggunaan peralatan bangunan serta sanitasi yang belum memenuhi standar GMP (Good Manufacturing Practice) dan SSOP (Sanitation Standard Operating Procedure)

Inovasi Pembuatan Kerupuk Ceker Ayam Berbasis Limbah Rumah Potong Ayam (RPA)

Kelurahan Sayang-sayang Kecamatan Cakranegara merupakan salah satu Kelurahan penghasil Limbah pemotongan Ayam berupa ceker ayam. Salah satu startegi untuk meningkatkan nilai jual ceker ayam yaitu diolah menjadi kerupuk ceker ayam. Tujuan dari program ini adalah meningkatkan nilai jual ceker ayam yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan soup dan bahan untuk menambah cita rasa bakso. Metode yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan program adalah metode Participatory Research Appraisal (PRA) yaitu bentuk metode yang melibatkan semua anggota mitra sasaran dalam melakukan melakukan program kerja. Dari program yang telah dilaksanakan, diperoleh hasil bahwa sekitar 21-28% anggota kelompok ibu-ibu PKK Kelurahan Sayang-sayang  siap untuk mengolah ceker ayam menjadi kerupuk ceker bernilai ekonomis. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa inovasi pembuatan kerupuk ceker ayam  menjadi barang yang bernilai ekonomis secara tidak langsung dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ibu-ibu PKK. &nbsp

Inovasi Pembuatan Kerupuk Ceker Ayam Berbasis Limbah Rumah Potong Ayam (RPA)

Kelurahan Sayang-sayang Kecamatan Cakranegara merupakan salah satu Kelurahan penghasil Limbah pemotongan Ayam berupa ceker ayam. Salah satu startegi untuk meningkatkan nilai jual ceker ayam yaitu diolah menjadi kerupuk ceker ayam. Tujuan dari program ini adalah meningkatkan nilai jual ceker ayam yang selama ini hanya dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan soup dan bahan untuk menambah cita rasa bakso. Metode yang digunakan dalam melaksanakan program adalah metode Participatory Research Appraisal (PRA) yaitu bentuk metode yang melibatkan semua anggota mitra sasaran dalam melakukan melakukan program kerja. Dari program yang telah dilaksanakan, diperoleh hasil bahwa sekitar 21-28% anggota kelompok ibu-ibu PKK Kelurahan Sayang-sayang  siap untuk mengolah ceker ayam menjadi kerupuk ceker bernilai ekonomis. Hasil monitoring dan evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa inovasi pembuatan kerupuk ceker ayam  menjadi barang yang bernilai ekonomis secara tidak langsung dapat meningkatkan pendapatan ibu-ibu PKK

Negative Price Spikes at Power Markets: The Role of Energy Policy

In Germany, substantial drops in wholesale power prices have become a regular phenomenon. While such price drops have far-reaching implications for the functioning of the power market, their underlying determinants remain poorly understood. To fill this gap, we propose a Markov regime-switching model to investigate low-price events at the European Power Exchange. Our analysis focuses on the role of energy policies that promote renewable energies and have led to significant reductions of nuclear capacities after the Fukushima accident. We find that high electricity infeed from renewable sources increases negative price spike probabilities, while the decommissioning of nuclear plants under the Nuclear Moratorium had an opposing effect. Simulations of market outcomes under different energy policies indicate that reaching ambitious renewable energy targets increases the frequency of low-price events and compromises the financial viability of conventional generation units, while a nuclear phase-out or an increase in storage capacities mitigates these effects.Im deutsch-österreichischen Marktgebiet der Strombörse European Power Exchange (EPEX) kam es in den letzten Jahren zu einem vermehrten Auftreten sehr niedriger und sogar negativer Preise. Obwohl solche negativen Preisspitzen weitreichende Folgen für das Funktionieren des Strommarkts haben, gibt es bislang nur wenige Untersuchungen zu ihren treibenden Ursachen. Um diese Lücke zu füllen, entwickelt dieser Artikel ein Markov Regime Switching-Modell zur Analyse ihres Auftretens an der EPEX. Im Mittelpunkt der Analyse stehen die Effekte einer Förderung erneuerbarer Energien und einer Reduktion von Kapazitäten nuklearer Kraftwerke im Rahmen des Atom-Moratoriums nach dem Unfall in Fukushima. Die Modellergebnisse zeigen auf, dass ein Anstieg von Strom aus erneuerbaren Quellen die Wahrscheinlichkeit von negativen Preisspitzen erhöht, während das Atom-Moratorium einen gegensätzlichen Effekt hatte. Weitere Simulationen von Marktergebnissen unter unterschiedlichen Politik-Szenarien legen nahe, dass das Erreichen ambitionierter Ziele für den Ausbau erneuerbarer Energien das Aufkommen von negativen Preisspitzen weiter fördern und die Rentabilität vieler konventioneller Kraftwerke in Frage stellen würde. Diese Effekte könnten allerdings sowohl durch einen vollständiger Atomausstieg oder einen Ausbau an Speicherkapazitäten abgemildert werden

Fish distribution in relation to environmental characteristics in the Aby-Tendo-Ehy lagoon system (Southeastern Cote d'Ivore)

No Abstract

[Szenen aus Faust, erster Teil] / H. A. R. Brd.

[SZENEN AUS FAUST, ERSTER TEIL] / H. A. R. BRD. [Szenen aus Faust, erster Teil] / H. A. R. Brd. (1) Illustrationen: [Szenen aus Faust, erster Teil] (1

High Pressure Processing Of Cocoyam, Peruvian Carrot And Sweet Potato: Effect On Oxidative Enzymes And Impact In The Tuber Color

Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)High pressure processing (HPP) is a non-thermal technology used to activate or inactivate enzymes. This study investigated the effects of HPP (600 MPa for 5 or 30 min at 25 degrees C) on cocoyam, Peruvian carrot and sweet potato color, and the polyphenoloxidase (PPO) and peroxidase (POD) activities in tuber cubes, puree, and enzyme extract subjected to HPP. The results showed enzyme inactivation by HPP in cocoyam (up to 55% PPO inactivation in puree and 81% POD inactivation in extract) and Peruvian carrot (up to 100% PPO and 57% POD inactivation the extract). In contrast, enzyme activation was observed in sweet potato (up to 368% PPO and 27% POD activation in puree). The color results were compatible to enzyme activity: the color parameters remained unchanged in cocoyam and Peruvian carrot, which showed high PPO and POD inactivation after HPP. Furthermore, the impact of HPP on the enzymes was influenced by the matrix in which HPP was carried out, evidencing that the enzyme structure can be protected in the presence of other food constituents. Industrial relevance: The enzymes PPO and POD are an important concern for vegetable processing, due its ability to induce browning after vegetables are cut. The HPP at 600 MPa for 5 or 30 min can be used to inactivate these enzymes in cocoyam and Peruvian carrot, guaranteeing the color and freshness of the tubers similar to the fresh cut vegetable. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.34302309Sao Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) [2012/13509-6]Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP