Developing urban socio-linguistics in the Lake Chad region

With one group generally constituting the autochthonous host - representing the core population in the centre - immigrant groups tend to reside in separate ethnic wards and even work in wards/quartiers identified with their ethno-specific crafts and trades - and often named after them. The socio-lingustic survey will therefore use available and new maps and ethno-linguistic statistics: For the former, the urban surveys by the Max Lock Company of north-eastern Nigeria have been of great help, but have to be updated ; for the latter, various censuses had to be supplemented by more recent information . With ethno-linguistic wards constituting enclaves which can only interact through a language or languages in common, we can apply the general model of the triglottic configuration by positing x territorial and y immigrant, ethnic languages of solidarity; one general urban community language or lingua franca of interaction; and the official language of authority and administration. This language of authority was formerly a local aristolect (Kanuri or Fulfulde), but is now mostly an exolect - English or French. This short presentation concerns ongoing work in urban socio-lingustics developed in Maiduguri over some 15 years

\u3cem\u3eMontana Department of Revenue v. Priceline.com, Inc.\u3c/em\u3e: Are Montana’s Lodge Tax Statutes Really that Ambiguous?

Can the Montana Department of Revenue tax the amount that online travel companies collect for online services under Montana’s Lodging Sales and Use Taxes

Pastures for Goats and Sheep

Pasture for sheep is not that different than that for cattle but pasture for goats is very different. Sheep are grazers like cattle whereas goats are browsers like deer. Even though grass and clover are not a goats preference if all of the forage present is grass and clover goats will eat it. Due to goats and sheep being more prey animals than cattle they don’t like to wade off into tall vegetation, also it takes more energy for them to move through tall growth. Many plants that we traditionally consider weeds become desirable forbs when goats or sheep are introduced to the pasture. Some weeds that neither goats nor sheep prefer are perilla mint, wingstem and cocklebur. Goat and sheep forage preference are quite different so I have separated them in the following narrative. Forage species that you would typically plant in a pasture are similar for goats and sheep. The following are cool season forages that you might plant for goats and sheep: tall fescue (Novel or Select low endophyte), orchardgrass, prairie bromegrass (persister), white and red clover, hairy vetch, alfalfa, winter annuals, brassicas and chicory. Warm season forages that you might plant include: native grasses other than switchgrass however these tall uprights would be better for goats than sheep due to their grazing habit. Bermudagrass is typically not planted for goats but improved bermudagrass could be planted for sheep but would be best with intermediate white clover (durana, patriot, or resolute) interseeded. Goats and sheep both perform excellent on warm season annuals like: crabgrass, sudangrass, pearl millet, smooth amaranths, cowpeas, and soybeans. Although regulations prevent the seeding of johnsongrass it is preferred forage of goats, sheep and cattle

Miss 1935 Freshman, May We Present...

Lucille Frech is the person responsible for the crew of Campus Sisters who stand ready to help each perplexed freshman whether sh~ wants to know something about a certain class she\u27s taking or just the proper thing to wear to a tea

Grazing Program for Goats

Goats are often referred to as four legged bush hogs and actually they perform best when consuming browse. Goats eat from the top down so fields have a mown appearance even when forage is three feet tall. The typical browse height for goats is up to four foot however, they will rise up on their hind legs and sometimes prop on others backs to reach higher. Goats have an affinity for high quality forage. Much of the vegetation we have considered weeds as beef producers is excellent forage for goats. Goats select the high quality leaves and tender growing tips of woody plants leaving the stem. The leaves and tips of plants are much more digestible and higher in protein and mineral content than the woody, lignified stems of the plant. The long narrow mouth of goats facilitates this grazing habit and allows goats to survive and thrive on generally low-quality pastures and browse plants that would not suffice for cattle or sheep. When goats are your foraging animals, your list of weeds becomes much shorter

Synthesis of a drug delivery vehicle for cancer treatment utilizing DNA-functionalized gold nanoparticles.

The treatment of cancer with chemotherapeutic agents has made great strides in the last few decades but still introduces major systemic side effects. The potent drugs needed to kill cancer cells often cause irreparable damage to otherwise healthy organs leading to further morbidity and mortality. A therapy with intrinsic selective properties and/or an inducible activation has the potential to change the way cancer can be treated. Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are biocompatible and chemically versatile tools that can be readily functionalized to serve as molecular vehicles. The ability of these particles to strongly absorb light with wavelengths in the therapeutic window combined with the heating effect of surface plasmon resonance makes them uniquely suited for noninvasive heating in biologic applications. Specially designed DNA aptamers have shown their ability to serve as drug carriers through intercalation as well as directly acting as therapeutic agents. By combining these separate molecules a multifaceted drug delivery vehicle can be created with great potential as a selective and controllable treatment for cancer. Oligonucleotide-coated GNPs have been created using spherical GNPs but little work has been reported using gold nanoplates in this way. Using the Diasynth method gold nanoplates were produced to absorb strongly in the therapeutic near infrared (nIR) window. These particles were functionalized with two DNA oligonucleotides: one serving as an intercalation site for doxorubicin, and another, AS1411, serving directly as an anticancer targeting/therapeutic agent. These functional particles were fully synthesized and processed along with confirmation of DNA functionalization and doxorubicin intercalation. Doxorubicin is released via denaturation of the DNA structure into which doxorubicin is intercalated upon the heating of the gold nanoplate well above the DNA melting temperature. This temperature increase, due to light stimulation of surface plasmon resonance, was measured during laser application. Successful release of doxorubicin via laser application was measured with fluorescence measurements providing proof that the doxorubicin was successfully intercalated and released

Predictive Modeling for Real Estate Days on Market

Many forms of property valuation exist but estimation models for duration on market are not as common. This Paper examines a variety of variables as well those that would be found in a hedonistic valuation model and applies them to a predictive model estimating a property’s duration on market. A brief real estate market analysis is also provided regarding Cache County, Utah to give better clarity as to the environment in which this predictive model is performing

Letter from J. Brann

Letter concerning surveying and civil engineering at Utah Agricultural College

Drosophila Glypicans Dally And Dally-Like Control Injury Induced Allodynia

Over 100 million people suffer from the effects of chronic pain in the United States alone. This burden also impacts the U.S. economy; 600 billion dollars annually is spent on medical care, medications, and lost productivity in the workplace. Current opioid treatments cause adverse effects including nausea, constipation, tolerance, and addiction liability. The neuroplastic process of pain sensitization is thought to perpetuate chronic pain, but too little is known about its mechanisms. Components of the pathways that connect injury and pain sensitization are likely to be valuable targets for novel medications for the relief or prevention of chronic pain. Utilizing the Drosophila melanogaster cell targeting and RNA interference toolkit, our lab investigates the Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) pathway and its role in ultraviolet light (UV) injury-induced nociceptive sensitization. BMPs are well known as secreted developmental morphogens that control imaginal disc patterning by binding membrane bound receptors of target cells, but other functions are known. We have previously utilized a candidate gene approach to identify BMP signaling components used in nociceptive neurons to modulate injury-induced allodynia in Drosophila (Follansbee et al, 2017). The present study investigates the necessity of additional regulators of the BMP pathway in the formation of UV injury-induced sensitization. The components of the BMP pathway are highly conserved and, because pain sensitization underlies chronic pain, these genes show potential to represent novel therapeutic targets in humans challenged by chronic pain