1,578 research outputs found
Avaliação de híbridos interespecíficos de Elaeis guineensis x Elaeis oleifera.
bitstream/item/57579/1/CPATU-PA121.pd
Dor em portadores de próteses totais primárias da anca: causas e avaliação clínica
Apesar da prótese total primária da anca ser referenciada como uma das endopróteses com maior sucesso em Ortopedia, uma pequena percentagem de doentes desenvolve um quadro doloroso localizado na anca num curto, médio ou a longo prazo, que pode ou não ser provocado pelo implante.
A razão da persistência da dor após a implantação de uma prótese da anca pode ser sustentada por fatores intrínsecos, por fatores extrínsecos loco-regionais ou por outros fatores extrínsecos. O estudo das próteses da anca não pode ser feito isoladamente, deve estar integrado no complexo funcional vertebro-pélvico-femoral.
Assim, tendinopatias dos músculos glúteos, do psoas-ilíaco, dos adutores, dos isquiotíbiais ou as afeções da coluna lombar, da articulação sacroilíaca ou do joelho homolateral e, ainda, afeções vasculares, nervosas e fatores psicológicos podem justificar a presença da dor.
Neste contexto, o desprendimento assético e a infeção periprotética são dois importantes fatores que poderão estar na origem da dor na anca após uma prótese total da anca e devem, desde logo, ser excluídos antes de se considerarem outras causas menos comuns. Se não existir, aparentemente, uma razão que justifique a dor, o doente deve ser considerado como tendo uma infeção periprotética até prova do contrário.
A anamnese e o exame físico, complementados por provas laboratoriais sanguíneas e do aspirado articular ou periarticular e, ainda, pelos exames imagiológicos, constituem os pilares sobre os quais assenta o diagnóstico das diferentes afeções que podem estar na génese da dor. Com efeito, o hemograma com fórmula leucocitária, a velocidade de sedimentação, a proteína C reativa, os exames radiográficos em diferentes incidências, a ecografia, a artrocentese com estudo citológico, microbiológico, cultura e antibiograma do aspirado articular, a tomografia axial computorizada quando indicada, são instrumentos valiosos para se conseguir alcançar um diagnóstico definitivo.
Identificada a etiologia da dor, torna-se possível definir a estratégia terapêutica mais indicada, que é necessariamente diferente de um caso para outro.
Constitui um princípio crucial só iniciar a terapêutica após o conhecimento do diagnóstico, quer se trate de uma abordagem conservadora ou, sobretudo, de uma intervenção cirúrgica. As dores inexplicáveis, de causa desconhecida, não encontram indicação para uma intervenção cirúrgica, assim como não é de aceitar a origem periarticular da dor sem terem sido eliminadas todas as causas de dor relacionadas com a prótese.
A intervenção cirúrgica com a finalidade de se proceder a uma eventual recolocação artroplástica, sem prévio esclarecimento da etiologia da dor, não é uma boa prática produz, muitas vezes, um pobre resultado clínico
Quantifying Quantum Correlations in Fermionic Systems using Witness Operators
We present a method to quantify quantum correlations in arbitrary systems of
indistinguishable fermions using witness operators. The method associates the
problem of finding the optimal entan- glement witness of a state with a class
of problems known as semidefinite programs (SDPs), which can be solved
efficiently with arbitrary accuracy. Based on these optimal witnesses, we
introduce a measure of quantum correlations which has an interpretation
analogous to the Generalized Robust- ness of entanglement. We also extend the
notion of quantum discord to the case of indistinguishable fermions, and
propose a geometric quantifier, which is compared to our entanglement measure.
Our numerical results show a remarkable equivalence between the proposed
Generalized Robustness and the Schliemann concurrence, which are equal for pure
states. For mixed states, the Schliemann con- currence presents itself as an
upper bound for the Generalized Robustness. The quantum discord is also found
to be an upper bound for the entanglement.Comment: 7 pages, 6 figures, Accepted for publication in Quantum Information
Processin
Schmidt balls around the identity
Robustness measures as introduced by Vidal and Tarrach [PRA, 59, 141-155]
quantify the extent to which entangled states remain entangled under mixing.
Analogously, we introduce here the Schmidt robustness and the random Schmidt
robustness. The latter notion is closely related to the construction of Schmidt
balls around the identity. We analyse the situation for pure states and provide
non-trivial upper and lower bounds. Upper bounds to the random Schmidt-2
robustness allow us to construct a particularly simple distillability
criterion. We present two conjectures, the first one is related to the radius
of inner balls around the identity in the convex set of Schmidt number
n-states. We also conjecture a class of optimal Schmidt witnesses for pure
states.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
Arrays of waveguide-coupled optical cavities that interact strongly with atoms
We describe a realistic scheme for coupling atoms or other quantum emitters
with an array of coupled optical cavities. We consider open Fabry-Perot
microcavities coupled to the emitters. Our central innovation is to connect the
microcavities to waveguide resonators, which are in turn evanescently coupled
to each other on a photonic chip to form a coupled cavity chain. In this paper,
we describe the components, their technical limitations and the factors that
need to be determined experimentally. This provides the basis for a detailed
theoretical analysis of two possible experiments to realize quantum squeezing
and controlled quantum dynamics. We close with an outline of more advanced
applications.Comment: 30 pages, 8 figures. Submitted to New Journal of Physic
Manual do estagiário e do bolsista: 2010.
Este trabalho que visa oferecer orientações sobre os procedimentos de estágio na Embrapa Arroz e Feijão.bitstream/CNPAF-2010/29875/1/doc-253.pd
Faithful Squashed Entanglement
Squashed entanglement is a measure for the entanglement of bipartite quantum
states. In this paper we present a lower bound for squashed entanglement in
terms of a distance to the set of separable states. This implies that squashed
entanglement is faithful, that is, strictly positive if and only if the state
is entangled. We derive the bound on squashed entanglement from a bound on
quantum conditional mutual information, which is used to define squashed
entanglement and corresponds to the amount by which strong subadditivity of von
Neumann entropy fails to be saturated. Our result therefore sheds light on the
structure of states that almost satisfy strong subadditivity with equality. The
proof is based on two recent results from quantum information theory: the
operational interpretation of the quantum mutual information as the optimal
rate for state redistribution and the interpretation of the regularised
relative entropy of entanglement as an error exponent in hypothesis testing.
The distance to the set of separable states is measured by the one-way LOCC
norm, an operationally-motivated norm giving the optimal probability of
distinguishing two bipartite quantum states, each shared by two parties, using
any protocol formed by local quantum operations and one-directional classical
communication between the parties. A similar result for the Frobenius or
Euclidean norm follows immediately. The result has two applications in
complexity theory. The first is a quasipolynomial-time algorithm solving the
weak membership problem for the set of separable states in one-way LOCC or
Euclidean norm. The second concerns quantum Merlin-Arthur games. Here we show
that multiple provers are not more powerful than a single prover when the
verifier is restricted to one-way LOCC operations thereby providing a new
characterisation of the complexity class QMA.Comment: 24 pages, 1 figure, 1 table. Due to an error in the published
version, claims have been weakened from the LOCC norm to the one-way LOCC
nor
Efficient and feasible state tomography of quantum many-body systems
We present a novel method to perform quantum state tomography for
many-particle systems which are particularly suitable for estimating states in
lattice systems such as of ultra-cold atoms in optical lattices. We show that
the need for measuring a tomographically complete set of observables can be
overcome by letting the state evolve under some suitably chosen random circuits
followed by the measurement of a single observable. We generalize known results
about the approximation of unitary 2-designs, i.e., certain classes of random
unitary matrices, by random quantum circuits and connect our findings to the
theory of quantum compressed sensing. We show that for ultra-cold atoms in
optical lattices established techniques like optical super-lattices, laser
speckles, and time-of-flight measurements are sufficient to perform fully
certified, assumption-free tomography. Combining our approach with tensor
network methods - in particular the theory of matrix-product states - we
identify situations where the effort of reconstruction is even constant in the
number of lattice sites, allowing in principle to perform tomography on
large-scale systems readily available in present experiments.Comment: 10 pages, 3 figures, minor corrections, discussion added, emphasizing
that no single-site addressing is needed at any stage of the scheme when
implemented in optical lattice system
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