Main viruses in sweet cherry plantations of Central-Western Spain

Sweet cherry trees (Prunus avium L.) are susceptible to a range of diseases, but there have been no studies to date about the viral infection of sweet cherry trees in Spain. To determine the phytosanitary status of Spanish sweet cherry plantations, the incidence and leaf symptoms induced by Prune dwarf (PDV), Prunus necrotic ringspot (PNRSV) and Apple chlorotic leaf spot (ACLSV) viruses were investigated during 2009. Young leaf samples were taken from 350 sweet cherry trees, corresponding to 17 cultivars, and were analysed by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). To associate the leaf symptoms with the virus, 50 mature leaves from each infected tree were visually inspected during the summer. The ELISA results revealed that 72 % of sweet cherry trees were infected by at least one of the viruses. PDV occurred in all sampled cultivars and presented the highest infection rate, followed by ACLSV and PNRSV. A high number of trees showed asymptomatic, in both single and mixed infections. The leaf symptoms associated with the viruses involved generalized chlorosis around the midvein (PDV), chlorotic and dark brown necrotic ringspots on both secondary veins and intervein regions (PNRSV), chlorotic and reddish necrotic ringspots (ACLSV) and generalized interveinal chlorosis (PDV-PNRSV)

IoT predictive application for DC motor control using radio frequency links

International audienceThe Internet of things (IoT) becomes a new solution for the future industry. It aims to provide an intelligent environment to control systems in real time. We propose an embedded predictive application in the Wireless Networked Control Systems (W-NCS) to control a DC motor via RF links, under the presence of packet losses and limited size constraint of transmitted packets in the communication channel. To design an IoT predictive application in W-NCS, a Model Predictive Control (MPC) method is proposed. This strategy is developed and implemented in the embedded device by using the RIOT OS which granted maintenance costs of IoT products and offers a real-time support in the control of the systems. The proposed approach is tested in a wireless environment with an intention to be applied to tackle the problem of communication. The practical experiment results obtained demonstrate the effectiveness of the Networked Predictive Control (NPC) approach based on the W-NCS structure for this kind of problems