Two-Dimensional Bosonization from Variable Shifts in the Path Integral

A method to perform bosonization of a fermionic theory in (1+1) dimensions in a path integral framework is developed. The method relies exclusively on the path integral property of allowing variable shifts, and does not depend on the explicit form of Greens functions. Two examples, the Schwinger model and the massless Thirring model, are worked out.Comment: 4 page

Capacidade de troca de cátions das principais classes de solos da Amazônia, determinada a diferentes valores de pH.

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Avaliação da resistência à ferrugem em progênies de cafeeiro F4 obtidas por cruzamentos de 'icatu' com catimor.

Com o objetivo de selecionar progênies de cafeeiro resistentes à ferrugem foram instalados e conduzidos experimentos em Três Pontas, São Sebastião do Paraíso e Machado. Foram avaliadas 17 progênies desenvolvidas pelo programa de Melhoramento Genético do Cafeeiro em Minas Gerais, coordenado pela EPAMIG e obtidas pelo cruzamento ?Icatu? x Catimor, e a cultivar Rubi MG 1192 utilizada como testemunha. O delineamento foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foram analisadas as características incidência da ferrugem no primeiro semestre de 2006.Os resultados obtidos permitem verificar que as progênies avaliadas apresentam variabilidade para a resistência a ferrugem, isso é confirmado pelas estimativas da herdabilidade que foram de boa magnitude, chegando até o valor de 92,8%. Essa condição aliada à baixa incidência da doença apresentada por algumas progênies, demonstrou que é possível selecionar progênies superiores em relação à resistência a ferrugem na população estudada

Efeito da inundação sobre as propriedades de um gleissolo salico sodico de várzea do rio dos Morcegos, no município de Primavera, PA.

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Physical characteristics of soybean cultivated under the conditions of integrated agrosystems.

Abstract: Integrated crop-livestock-forest (ICLF) systems involve intercropping of various crops to achieve beneficial and synergistic outcomes, enhancing both economic viability and environmental sustainability. Considering the complexity of integrated agrosystems and the economic importance of soybean production in Brazil, we aimed to investigate the effects of two ICLF systems on the physical characteristics and quality of soybeans produced. The treatments comprised plots (two ha) with either single-row (ICLFS) or triple-row (ICLFT), tree configurations intercropped with soybean (maize and forage grass), and control plots (one ha), whose crops were cultivated under full sunlight (CFS). Soybeans were harvested from plants located at 3, 6, 10 and 15 m from tree bands in the north and south faces of the ICLF systems and at random positions in the CFS plots. The moisture content, electrical conductivity of the exudate solution, hue angle and chroma index of grains harvested from ICLFS and ICLFT were similar to those of CFS-grown soybeans. However, the mass of 1000 grains and the bulk density values of ICLF-grown soybeans were significantly higher (P ≤ 0.05) than those of grains harvested from CFS plots. We conclude that the quality of soybean seeds was not negatively affected by the conditions prevailing in the ICLF systems. Moreover, it appears that the forest component contributed positively to the ecosystem by providing a favorable microclimate for the development of soybean grains

Doses de N, P e K na nutrição e no crescimento de mudas de dendezeiro.

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