Disaggregated Optical Network Orchestration based on the Physical Layer Digital Twin

The architecture and functionality of an open and disaggregated optical network is presented, focusing on the orchestration of the physical layer digital twin and the optical network controller, implemented on an experimental multi-vendor triangular-topology setup

Experimental Demonstration of Partially Disaggregated Optical Network Control Using the Physical Layer Digital Twin

Optical communications and networking are fast becoming the solution to support ever-increasing data traffic across all segments of the network, expanding from core/metro networks to 5G/6G front-hauling. Therefore, optical networks need to evolve towards an efficient exploitation of the infrastructure by overcoming the closed and aggregated paradigm, to enable apparatus sharing together with the slicing and separation of the optical data plane from the optical control. In addition to the advantages in terms of efficiency and cost reduction, this evolution will increase network reliability, also allowing for a fine trade-off between robustness and maximum capacity exploitation. In this work, an optical network architecture is presented based on the physical layer digital twin of the optical transport used within a multi-layer hierarchical control operated by an intent-based network operating system. An experimental proof of concept is performed on a three-node network including up to 1000 km optical transmission, open re-configurable optical add & drop multiplexers (ROADMs) and whitebox transponders hosting pluggable multirate transceivers. The proposed solution is based on GNPy as the optical physical layer digital twin and ONOS as intent-based network operating system. The reliability of the optical control decoupled by the data plane functioning is experimentally demonstrated exploiting GNPy as open lightpath computation engine and software optical amplifier models derived from the component characterization. Besides the lightpath deployment exploiting the modulation format evaluation given a generic traffic request, the architecture reliability is tested mimicking the use case of an automatic failure recovery from a fiber cut

Does a detachment level exist beneath the Ceraunius Fossae? Insights from graben mapping and lost-area balancing analysis

We took advantage of the close relationship between graben width and rheology of the involved materials (e.g., number, thickness and spacing of rheological layers, presence of mechanical discontinuities of different nature) and attempted to obtain information about the mechanical stratigraphy of the Ceraunius Fossae area (Northern Tharsis Region). The possible existence of detachment levels beneath the Ceraunius Fossae area were investigated using the lost-area balancing method and a topographic profile derived from Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) data. Results suggest a marked difference in structural style between the western and eastern sectors of the study area, which is interpreted as a result of different mechanical stratigraphies. On the western sector the maximum depth reached by grabens is well localized within 1000 m from the topographic surface suggesting the existence of a detachment level, which we interpret as a weak horizon at the base of the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian units. The ductile behaviour of this horizon could be favoured by the presence of volatile reservoir or ice. In the eastern sector of the profile (HNf and Hf units) the maximum depth reached by the grabens is scattered and does not support the existence of clearly defined detachment horizons suggesting that Noachian Fractured Rocks are mechanically homogeneous. A maximum depth, however, could be established

Crustal extension in the Ceraunius Fossae, Northern Tharsis Region, Mars

We investigated the Ceraunius Fossae area, Northern Tharsis, in order to obtain quantitative information on the tectonic extension affecting this area. Tectonic structures of the Ceraunius Fossae area have been previously described using Viking images and interpreted as extensional structures. Laser altimetry data (MOLA) can be used to quantitatively investigate these structures with a better resolution. We developed a method to obtain E-W oriented profiles (perpendicular to the main tectonic structures) with a sufficiently high resolution to analyze tectonic structures in spite of the low data density in this direction. We interpreted all the recognizable extensional structures along the profiles, and using a simplified structural model, we estimated tectonic extension along these transects. The extension calculated over the entire profiles is 36 km (e24 = (l1 - l0)/l0 = (910 km - 874 km)/874 km = 0.041) and 42 km (e26 = (730 km - 688 km)/688 km = 0.061) along profile 24 and profile 26, respectively. In the most deformed area, extension reaches the value of 22 km (emax = (l1 -l0)/l0 = (186 km - 164 km)/164 km = 0.134). Since the extension accounted by the topographic doming is negligible, a significant horizontal crustal motion is required to explain the observed extension

Modelo 3D da estrutura da falha Marquês de Pombal

A falha Marquês de Pombal (FMP) desde que foi referida por Zitellini et al. (1999) como sendo a estrutura sismo-tsunamigénica do sismo de Lisboa de 1755, foi objecto de estudo de várias campanhas oceanográficas. A correlação entre as linhas sísmicas de reflexão, obtidas em três dessas campanhas (ARRIFANO-1992, BIGSETS-1998 e TTR10-2000), que intersectam a FMP, num total de 11 linhas, acrescida pelo trabalho de conversão em profundidade e reconstituição da deformação compressiva agora apresentado, permitiu pormenorizar a geometria da estrutura da FMP. Esta falha trata-se de um cavalgamento activo, com ruptura superficial de ~60km, situado a sudoeste do Cabo de S. Vicente onde se evidencia o desvanecimento gradual da falha a sul e terminação abrupta contra uma possível falha de transferência a norte