The evaluation of intranasal Lactobacillus fermentum and Mannheimia haemolytica bacterine in the control of Mannheimia haemolytica infection in grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus temminck, 1827)

This study evaluates the effect of recombinant Mannheimia hemolytica bacterine and Lactobacillus fermentum intranasal administration on experimental pneumonic Mannheimiosis in grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck, 1827). This investigation involved apparently healthy adult grasscutters that were divided into groups A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H of three (3) grasscutters each with group H serving as the control. Group A (vaccinated twice with bacterin and infected), group B (vaccinated once with bacterin and infected), group C, E (vaccinated, inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum and infected), group D (inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum alone), group F (infected), group G (grasscutters infected and later inoculated with Lactobacillus fermentum) and lastly group H (control). The mortality pattern, pathology of the respiratory tract and nasal bacterial load were assessed using standard methods. The result showed that intranasal application of Lactobacillus fermentum and or recombinant Mannheimia haemolytica bacterine reduces the nasal bacterial load, pathology and mortality pattern associated with experimental Mannheimia haemolytica infection in the grasscutter hence they could be useful in the control of respiratory disorders in grasscutters.Keywords: grasscutter, bacterin, experimental, respiratory, infectio

The isolation and antibiogram of aerobic nasal bacterial flora of apparently healthy grasscutters (Thryonomys swinderianus Temminck, 1827)

Grasscutter meat is an important source of animal protein in many West African countries. Despite the obvious potential of the grasscutter towards protein availability, attempts towards domestication have been hampered by diseases of which pneumonic conditions are of extreme importance. This study evaluates the normal nasal microflora of apparently healthy grasscutter with a view of understanding the nasal bacterial flora dynamics in health. Sixteen healthy adult grasscutters were examined for nasal normal microflora using the culture method. The disc diffusion technique was used for the antibiotic sensitivity test. The following microorganisms were identified from the normal flora of the grasscutters, they are; Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp, Micrococcus sp, Bacillus cerus , E. coli, Serratia sp, Streptococcus sp, Pasteurella multocida, Streptacoccus, sp., Mannheimia heamolytica, Klebsiella sp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus sp. and Proteus sp. There was no significant sex variation in the populations of the nasal normal microflora. Most of the bacteria were found to be susceptible to cloxacillin, ceftrazone, cefunoxime, ciprofloxacin and gentamycin, while they were resistant to ceflazidime, ampicillin, erythromycin, co-trimazole augmentin and nitrofurentoin. The findings provided the basis for the understanding of normal nasal bacterial flora and the possibility of their involvement in pneumopathies associated with this animal model and it will provided basis for the use of appropriate antibiotics to combat respiratory infections in grasscutter in captivity.Keywords: nasal, microflora, grasscutter, domesticate, pneumopathie

Measurement of the Ratio of Branching Fractions B (B ¯ 0 →d∗+τ- ν ¯ τ) / B (B ¯ 0 →d∗+μ- ν ¯ μ)

he branching fraction ratio R(D∗)≡B(B¯0→D∗+τ-ν¯τ)/B(B¯0→D∗+μ-ν¯μ) is measured using a sample of proton-proton collision data corresponding to 3.0fb-1 of integrated luminosity recorded by the LHCb experiment during 2011 and 2012. The tau lepton is identified in the decay mode τ-→μ-ν¯μντ. The semitauonic decay is sensitive to contributions from non-standard-model particles that preferentially couple to the third generation of fermions, in particular, Higgs-like charged scalars. A multidimensional fit to kinematic distributions of the candidate B¯0 decays gives R(D∗)=0.336±0.027(stat)±0.030(syst). This result, which is the first measurement of this quantity at a hadron collider, is 2.1 standard deviations larger than the value expected from lepton universality in the standard model