The use of Principal’s Efficiency as a tool for Operational Program Execution in Kaduna State Secondary Schools Nigeria: A Pragmatic Examination

Very many researchers are viewing responsibility in discharging official duties as a very essential factor because it rises success and competence in delivering services. The purpose of the study is to investigate how a principal can use his efficiency as a leader to execute policy in secondary schools in Kaduna state. As domestic workers principals are expected to portray the highest assurance in the administration of secondary schools as this will lead to the realization of excellence in educational pursuit. The paper critically pointed out that if secondary education is of good value, precise students will be conceded into tertiary institutions of learning and eventually, experienced graduates will be generated who will work in different aptitudes. This research is limited to Secondary schools and their principals in Kaduna State. The MLQ 5x developed by (Bass & Avolio, 1993) was used as the instrument to measure the Leadership ability of the principal. The population of the study was 400 in which 330 were duly completed and returned with 300 free of problems and fit for analysis. Educated labour force is however competent of implementing government’s policies in a more operative and efficient manner. The research employs descriptive research analysis to analyze principals’ efficiency in Kaduna State secondary schools. The results showed pleasing principal’s efficiency. The researcher therefore suggested that the government should strengthen efforts and provide more suitable means or method including incentive and continual training and re-training of the principals in order to sustain the rhythm as this will guarantee the fulfilment of the desired quality education and then effective application of government policies. Key words: Secondary School Principals, Efficiency, Policy Implementation, Quality Education

THE CONTENT OF THE CURRICULUM OF ARABIC LANGUAGE OF THE ARABIC SECONDARY SCHOOLS OF BRUNEI DARUSSALAM: CLASS ELEVEN AS A CASE STUDY

This research aims to identify the content of curriculum of Arabic Language in Brunei Arabic Secondary Schools in which Class Eleven was the case study. The researchers distributed questionnaires to four Arabic teachers who teach Arabic therein. After obtaining the data needed by the research, the researchers analyzed it descriptively and quantitatively in order to achieve the required objectives. The research outcome shows that most of the teaching content of class eleven is in line with the aims and objective of the curriculum, matches the students’ language skills, takes cognizance of individual differences and contains the four Language skills, although some of them do not match their ages.  Article visualizations

Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019

Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)

Domain-driven actionable process model discovery

Process discovery is a type of process mining that constructs a process model from the event logs of an information system. The model discovered using process discovery, techniques and the process as perceived by users will always differ in some ways and to some extents. In particular, less structured process, such as operational process in business and manufacturing, often result overly confusing, spaghetti-like, process models caused by the inherent complexity of the process. As a result, the mined model has many limitations for providing the users with explicit knowledge that can be directly used to influence behavior for the user's interest. Explicit knowledge, as later called by actionable knowledge, is an important representation on measuring the interestingness of mined patterns. This actionable knowledge, which is incorporated with users' background knowledge and based on some notions of actionable rules, can result an actionable process model. Undoubtedly, domain experts, who know the process well, play a key role to enhance the mined model into an actionable model by their involvements during the discovery process. This paper presents a discovery method to obtain an actionable process model that is based on both the event relation in the log and users' knowledge to improve the incompatibility of the traditional process mining approaches. Users can set their knowledge in terms of constraints. Unlike the existing approach, the proposed approach synthesizes the activity proximity and attempts to extract behavior satisfied by the constraints which may be hidden in the event logs for resulting an actionable process model. In addition, the proposed method is used in order to achieve a sound process model when the existence of the constraints does not satisfy the workflow soundness property. The method was implemented in the ProM framework and tested on a real process. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.1141Nsciescopu