49 research outputs found
Effect of Non-Thermal Argon Plasma on Bond Strength of a Self-Etch Adhesive System to NaOCl-Treated Dentin
Chronic kidney disease in children: the global perspective
In contrast to the increasing availability of information pertaining to the care of children with chronic kidney disease (CKD) from large-scale observational and interventional studies, epidemiological information on the incidence and prevalence of pediatric CKD is currently limited, imprecise, and flawed by methodological differences between the various data sources. There are distinct geographic differences in the reported causes of CKD in children, in part due to environmental, racial, genetic, and cultural (consanguinity) differences. However, a substantial percentage of children develop CKD early in life, with congenital renal disorders such as obstructive uropathy and aplasia/hypoplasia/dysplasia being responsible for almost one half of all cases. The most favored end-stage renal disease (ESRD) treatment modality in children is renal transplantation, but a lack of health care resources and high patient mortality in the developing world limits the global provision of renal replacement therapy (RRT) and influences patient prevalence. Additional efforts to define the epidemiology of pediatric CKD worldwide are necessary if a better understanding of the full extent of the problem, areas for study, and the potential impact of intervention is desired
A Nutrition and Conditioning Intervention for Natural Bodybuilding Contest Preparation: Case Study.
Bodybuilding competitions are becoming increasingly popular. Competitors are judged on their aesthetic
appearance and usually exhibit a high level of muscularity and symmetry and low levels of body fat. Commonly used techniques to improve physique during the preparation phase before competitions include dehydration, periods of prolonged fasting, severe caloric restriction, excessive cardiovascular exercise and inappropriate use of diuretics and anabolic steroids. In contrast, this case study documents a structured nutrition and conditioning
intervention followed by a 21 year-old amateur bodybuilding competitor to improve body composition, resting and
exercise fat oxidation, and muscular strength that does not involve use of any of the above mentioned methods.
Over a 14-week period, the Athlete was provided with a scientifically designed nutrition and conditioning plan that
encouraged him to (i) consume a variety of foods; (ii) not neglect any macronutrient groups; (iii) exercise regularly
but not excessively and; (iv) incorporate rest days into his conditioning regime. This strategy resulted in a body
mass loss of 11.7 kg’s, corresponding to a 6.7 kg reduction in fat mass and a 5.0 kg reduction in fat-free mass.
Resting metabolic rate decreased from 1993 kcal/d to 1814 kcal/d, whereas resting fat oxidation increased from
0.04 g/min to 0.06 g/min. His capacity to oxidize fat during exercise increased more than two-fold from 0.24 g/min
to 0.59 g/min, while there was a near 3-fold increase in the corresponding exercise intensity that elicited the
maximal rate of fat oxidation; 21% V̇
O2max to 60% V̇ O2max. Hamstring concentric peak torque decreased (1.7 to 1.5 Nm/kg), whereas hamstring eccentric (2.0 Nm/kg to 2.9 Nm/kg), quadriceps concentric (3.4 Nm/kg to 3.7 Nm/kg) and quadriceps eccentric (4.9 Nm/kg to 5.7 Nm/kg) peak torque all increased. Psychological mood-state (BRUMS scale) was not negatively influenced by the intervention and all values relating to the Athlete’s mood-state remained below average over the course of study. This intervention shows that a structured and scientifically supported nutrition strategy can be implemented to improve parameters relevant to bodybuilding competition and importantly the health of competitors, therefore questioning the conventional practices of bodybuilding preparation
Low-mass and sub-stellar eclipsing binaries in stellar clusters
We highlight the importance of eclipsing double-line binaries in our
understanding on star formation and evolution. We review the recent discoveries
of low-mass and sub-stellar eclipsing binaries belonging to star-forming
regions, open clusters, and globular clusters identified by ground-based
surveys and space missions with high-resolution spectroscopic follow-up. These
discoveries provide benchmark systems with known distances, metallicities, and
ages to calibrate masses and radii predicted by state-of-the-art evolutionary
models to a few percent. We report their density and discuss current
limitations on the accuracy of the physical parameters. We discuss future
opportunities and highlight future guidelines to fill gaps in age and
metallicity to improve further our knowledge of low-mass stars and brown
dwarfs.Comment: 30 pages, 5 figures, no table. Review pape
Ethnic Comparisons in HIV Testing Attitudes, HIV Testing, and Predictors of HIV Testing Among Black and White College Students
No difference in meeting hemoglobin and albumin targets for dialyzed children with urologic disorders
The antisaccade task: visual distractors elicit a location-independent planning \u27cost\u27
The presentation of a remote - but not proximal - distractor concurrent with target onset increases prosaccade reaction times (RT) (i.e., the remote distractor effect: RDE). The competitive integration model asserts that the RDE represents the time required to resolve the conflict for a common saccade threshold between target- and distractor-related saccade generating commands in the superior colliculus. To our knowledge however, no previous research has examined whether remote and proximal distractors differentially influence antisaccade RTs. This represents a notable question because antisaccades require decoupling of the spatial relations between stimulus and response (SR) and therefore provide a basis for determining whether the sensory- and/or motor-related features of a distractor influence response planning. Participants completed pro- and antisaccades in a target-only condition and conditions wherein the target was concurrently presented with a proximal or remote distractor. As expected, prosaccade RTs elicited a reliable RDE. In contrast, antisaccade RTs were increased independent of the distractor\u27s spatial location and the magnitude of the effect was comparable across each distractor location. Thus, distractor-related antisaccade RT costs are not accounted for by a competitive integration between conflicting saccade generating commands. Instead, we propose that a visual distractor increases uncertainty related to the evocation of the response-selection rule necessary for decoupling SR relations
Transport infrastructure and regional economic growth: evidence from China
Transport infrastructure, Economic growth, Regional disparity, China,