The structure and mode of growth of bacterial colonies

(1) The structure of e morphologically "rough" colony of e bacillus or vibrio is essentially similar to that of trie "Medusa head" colony of the anthrax bacillus. The bacteria are closely attached end to end in the form of threads.(2) The bacteria composing a smooth colony tend to be separate from one another and show no characteristic arrangement.(3) Between these extremes are e number of intermediate forms.(4) These variations are paralleled by similar forms found among the streptococci and pneumococci.(5) The structure of e colony depends ultimately upon physical factors and varies mainly with the degree of attachment of the component organisms.(6) The division of the filamentous forms composing rough colonies is much less regular in occurrence and position than is that of the individual bacteria composing smooth colonies.(7) The usually described S —» R variation appears to consist of two separate changes, one affecting the morphology of the organism, the other connected solely with the nature of its capsular material or other antigenic constituents, These may occur separately, though a considerable degree of relationship appears to exist.(8) The biological significance of the morphological variations are discussed

Wedgebox analysis of four-lepton events from neutralino pair production at the LHC

`Wedgebox' plots constructed by plotting the di-electron invariant mass versus the di-muon invariant mass from pp -> e^+e^- mu^+ mu^- + missing energy signature LHC events. Data sets of such events are obtained across the MSSM input parameter space in event-generator simulations, including cuts designed to remove SM backgrounds. Their study reveals several general features: (1)Regions in the MSSM input parameter space where a sufficient number of events are expected so as to be able to construct a clear wedgebox plot are delineated. (2)The presence of box shapes on a wedgebox plot either indicates the presence of heavy Higgs bosons decays or restricts the location to a quite small region of low \mu and M_2 values \lsim 200 GeV, a region denoted as the `lower island'. In this region, wedgebox plots can be quite complicated and change in pattern rather quickly as one moves around in the (\mu, M_2) plane. (3)Direct neutralino pair production from an intermediate Z^{0*} may only produce a wedge-shape since only \widetilde{\chi}_2^0\widetilde{\chi}_3^0 decays can contribute significantly. (4)A double-wedge or wedge-protruding-from-a-box pattern on a wedgebox plot, which results from combining a variety of MSSM production processes, yields three distinct observed endpoints, almost always attributable to \widetilde{\chi}_{2,3,4}^0 \to \widetilde{\chi}_1^0 \ell^+\ell^- decays, which can be utilized to determine a great deal of information about the neutralino and slepton mass spectra and related MSSM input parameters. Wedge and double-wedge patterns are seen in wedgebox plots in another region of higher \mu and M_2 values, denoted as the`upper island.' Here the pattern is simpler and more stable as one moves across the (\mu, M_2) input parameter space.Comment: 28 pages (LaTeX), 8 figures (encapsulated postscript

One-loop Neutron Electric Dipole Moment from Supersymmetry without R-parity

We present a detailed analysis together with exact numerical calculations on one-loop contributions to neutron electric dipole moment from supersymmetry without R-parity, focusing on the gluino, chargino, and neutralino contributions. Apart from the neglected family mixing among quarks, complete formulae are given for the various contributions, through the quark dipole operators, to which the present study is restricted. We discuss the structure and main features of the R-parity violating contributions and the interplay between the R-parity conserving and violating parameters. In particular, the parameter combination $\mu_i^*\lambda^{\prime}_{i11}$, under the optimal parametrization adopted, is shown to be solely responsible for the R-parity violating contributions in the supersymmetric loop diagrams. While $\mu_i^*\lambda^{\prime}_{i11}$ could bear a complex phase, the latter is not necessary to have a R-parity violating contribution.Comment: 43 pages Revtex with 15 eps- and 4 ps- figure files incoporated; proofread version to be published in Phys. Rev.

On Measuring Split-SUSY Neutralino and Chargino Masses at the LHC

In Split-Supersymmetry models, where the only non-Standard Model states produceable at LHC-energies consist of a gluino plus neutralinos and charginos, it is conventionally accepted that only mass differences among these latter are measureable at the LHC. The present work shows that application of a simple `Kinematic Selection' technique allows full reconstruction of neutralino and chargino masses from one event, in principle. A Monte Carlo simulation demonstrates the feasibilty of using this technique at the LHC.Comment: 17 pages, 4 figures; EPJC versio

Disease Status and Pubertal Stage Predict Improved Growth in Anti-TNF Therapy for Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Background: Growth failure is well-recognised in pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease (PIBD; <18 years). We aimed to examine whether anti-Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) therapy improves growth in a PIBD population-based cohort. Methods: A retrospective review of all Scottish children receiving anti-TNF (infliximab (IFX) and adalimumab (ADA)) from 2000-2012 was performed; height was collected at: 12 months before anti-TNF (T-12), start (T0) and 12 (T+12) months after anti-TNF. Results: 93/201 treated with IFX and 28/49 for ADA had satisfactory growth data; 66 had full pubertal data. Univariate analysis demonstrated early pubertal stages (Tanner 1-3 n = 44 vs. T4-5 n = 22), disease remission, disease duration >=2 years and duration of IFX >=12 months were associated with improved linear growth for IFX; for ADA only improvement was seen in Tanner 1-3. For IFX, Tanner 1-3 median [DELTA] ht SDS -0.3 (-0.7,0.2) at T0 changed to 0.04 (-0.5, 0.7) at T+12 (p < 0.001) vs -0.01 (-0.5, 0.9) at T0 in T4-5 changed to -0.01 (-0.4, 0.2) at T+12 (p > 0.05). For IFX disease duration >=2 year, median [DELTA] ht SDS was -0.13 (-0.6, 0.3) at T0 then 0.07 (-0.3, 0.6) at T+12 (p < 0.001). Remission improved [DELTA] ht SDS (median [DELTA] ht SDS -0.14 (-0.6, 0.3) at T0 to 0.17 (-0.2, 0.7) at T+12 (p > 0.001)). Multiple regression analysis demonstrated corticosteroid usage at T0 predicted improved [DELTA] ht SDS at T+12 for IFX and ADA. Conclusions: Anti-TNF therapy is more likely to be associated with growth improvement when used at earlier stages of puberty with remission a key growth-promoting strategy in Paediatric Crohn's disease

Signals of neutralinos and charginos from gauge boson fusion at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

We point out that interesting signals of the non-strongly interacting sector of the supersymmetric standard model arise from the production of charginos and neutralinos via vector boson fusion (VBF) at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). In particular, if R-parity is violated, the hadronically quiet signals of charginos and neutralinos through direct production get considerably suppressed. We show that in such cases, the VBF channel can be useful in identifying this sector through clean and background-free final states.Comment: 10 pages Latex, 8 figures, minor changes in text and few references added, to be published in Phys. Rev.

WMAP-Compliant Benchmark Surfaces for MSSM Higgs Bosons

We explore `benchmark surfaces' suitable for studying the phenomenology of Higgs bosons in the minimal supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (MSSM), which are chosen so that the supersymmetric relic density is generally compatible with the range of cold dark matter density preferred by WMAP and other observations. These benchmark surfaces are specified assuming that gaugino masses m_{1/2}, soft trilinear supersymmetry-breaking parameters A_0 and the soft supersymmetry-breaking contributions m_0 to the squark and slepton masses are universal, but not those associated with the Higgs multiplets (the NUHM framework). The benchmark surfaces may be presented as M_A-tan_beta planes with fixed or systematically varying values of the other NUHM parameters, such as m_0, m_{1/2}, A_0 and the Higgs mixing parameter mu. We discuss the prospects for probing experimentally these benchmark surfaces at the Tevatron collider, the LHC, the ILC, in B physics and in direct dark-matter detection experiments. An Appendix documents developments in the FeynHiggs code that enable the user to explore for her/himself the WMAP-compliant benchmark surfaces.Comment: Minor corrections, references added. 43 pages, 10 figures. Version to appear in JHE

Spontaneous R-Parity violation bounds

We investigate bounds from tree-level and one-loop processes in generic supersymmetric models with spontaneous R-parity breaking in the superpotential. We analyse the bounds from a general point of view. The bounds are applicable both for all models with spontaneous R-parity violation and for explicit bilinear R-parity violation based on general lepton-chargino and neutrino-neutralino mixings. We find constraints from semileptonic B, D and K decays, leptonic decays of the mu and tau, electric dipole moments, as well as bounds for the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon.Comment: 22 page

Supersymmetry without R-parity : Constraints from Leptonic Phenomenology

R-parity conservation is an {\it ad hoc} assumption in the most popular version of the supersymmetric standard model. Most studies of models which do allow for R-parity violation have been restricted to various limiting scenarios. The single-VEV parametrization used in this paper provides a workable framework to analyze phenomenology of the most general theory of SUSY without R-parity. We perform a comprehensive study of leptonic phenomenology at tree-level. Experimental constraints on various processes are studied individually and then combined to yield regions of admissible parameter space. In particular, we show that large R-parity violating bilinear couplings are not ruled out, especially for large $\tan\beta$.Comment: 56 pages Revtex with figures incorporated; typos (including transcription typo in Table II) and minor corrections; proof-read version, to appear in Phys. Rev.

Detecting Higgs Boson Decay to Neutralinos at Hadron Supercolliders

We examine prospects for detecting the neutral Higgs bosons of minimal supersymmetric models (MSSM) when their decays into neutralino pairs are kinematically allowed. The best signature appears to be H_h,H_p\to\tz_2\tz_2\to 4\ell +\eslt. We argue that Standard Model contributions to this signature are negligible, and examine regions of MSSM parameter space where the four lepton mode should be observable at the Large Hadron Collider. The same signal can also come from continuum neutralino pair production. We propose a set of cuts to illustrate that the neutralino decay mode of the Higgs bosons provides a viable signal over a substantial range of model parameters, and show that it may be separable from continuum neutralino production if sufficient integrated luminosity can be accumulated.Comment: 15 pages (REVTEX), 7 figures available by regular mail, FSU-HEP-940204, UH-511-781-9