International Migration in the Atlantic Economy, 1850-1940

This chapter focuses on the economic analysis of what has been called the age of mass migration, 1850 to 1913, and its aftermath up to 1940. This has captured the interest of generations of economic historians and is still a highly active area of research. Here we concentrate on migration from Europe to the New World as this is where the bulk of the literature lies. We provide an overview of this literature focusing on key topics: the determinants of migration, the development of immigration policy, immigrant selection and assimilation, and the economic effects of mass migration as well as its legacy through to the present day. We explain how what were once orthodoxies have been revisited and revised, and how changes in our understanding have been influenced by advances in methodology, which in turn have been made possible by the availability of new and more comprehensive data. Despite these advances some issues remain contested or unresolved and, true to cliometric tradition, we conclude by calling for more research

Internacionalização e ativismo judicial: causas políticas e causas jurídicas nas décadas de 1990 e 2000 International and judicial activism: political and juridical causes in 1990 and 2000’s

Pretende-se fornecer elementos para a análise da relação entre o fenômeno de internacionalização do direito e a emergência de advogados engajados na representação judicial de causas coletivas. São analisadas duas dimensões: uma primeira expõe um panorama exploratório das causas coletivas no cenário nacional e internacional. Uma segunda dimensão de análise aborda casos representativos de promoção de causas nas décadas de 1990 e 2000. Estas duas dimensões permitem avançar a hipótese de que a redemocratização política e a constituição de redes internacionais de circulação de causas políticas e jurídicas contribuem para a definição dos perfis de ativismo judicial.<br>The article intends to supply with elements the analysis of the relation between the phenomenon of internationalization of Law and the emergency of lawyers engaged in the judicial representation of collective causes. Two dimensions are analyzed: a first one displays a exploratory panorama of the causes in the national and international scene. One second dimension of analysis approaches representative cases of promotion of causes in the decades of 1990 and 2000. These two dimensions allow to advance the hypothesis of that the political redemocratization and the constitution of international nets of circulation of political and legal causes contribute for the definition of the profiles of judicial activism

“You reap what you sow”: Do active labour market policies always increase job security? Evidence from the Youth Guarantee

The paper uses non-experimental longitudinal data to study the effects of participation in the Youth Guarantee programme aimed at fighting youth inactivity in the European Union territory. Particularly, this analysis questions the value of active labour market policy as a valid instrument to help individuals otherwise isolated from the labour market and, thus, at risk of deterioration of human capital overcome their condition of occupational inactivity. A difference-in-differences model is exploited in this regard to investigate whether there exists an advantage for participants of the Youth Guarantee in terms of employment and job stability. Results show that participants are 7.4 and 4.4 percentage points more likely to, respectively, become employed and be offered an open-ended contract. An assessment of profiling is also provided