COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF SALIVARY TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS - A PILOT STUDY

Objective: Gram-negative bacteria provoke polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) to release reactive oxygen species in chronic periodontitis (CP). Inability to maintain a balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels makes patients more susceptible to periodontal disease. The present study aims to estimate and compare salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium and patients with CP.Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, a total of 20 subjects (10 with clinically healthy periodontium and 10 with CP) were subjected to unstimulated salivary sample collection for biochemical estimation of TAOC by spectrophotometric assay using Kovacevic method. Analysis of data was done with unpaired student t-test, using SPSS version 22 statistical program.Results: Salivary TAOC was significantly higher in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium compared to CP patients. It was statistically significant (p<0.001).Conclusion: This study indicated increased levels of salivary TAOC in patients with CP compared to clinically healthy periodontium. Alteration in defensive antioxidant status could be a risk factor in the progression of periodontal disease

Serum electrolytes levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

BACKGROUND: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disease worldwide. Electrolyte played significant roles in the normal functioning of the body, and deregulation is indicative of different types of disease and electrolyte disturbances are often reported in type 2 DM (T2DM). AIM: The aim of the study was to estimate the levels of serum electrolytes in outpatients with T2DM and correlate serum electrolytes with random blood sugar (RBS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients with T2DM visiting the outpatient Departments of Medicine, between April 2016 and March 2017 were included. Of 148 diagnosed T2DM cases, 74 were had RBS level >300mg/dL (group-1) and 74 had RBS level ≤300mg/dL (group-2). Serum sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) levels were measured by using the Roche 9180 electrolyte analyzer. RESULTS: In this study, there was a significant decrease in serum Na+ levels in group 1 (131.83±4.36 mmol/L) compared to group 2 (134.15±4.90 mmol/L).The serum levels of K+ was found to be increased in group 1 (4.51±0.61 mmol/L) in comparison with group 2 (4.26±0.52 mmol/L). In group-1, an inverse relationship was present between serum Na+ (r=-0.342) and Cl- (r=-0.538) with RBS which was statistically significant. In group-2, a significant correlation was present between serum K+ and RBS (r=0.356, p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: The study showed lower levels of Na+ and higher K+ levels in group-1 compared to group-2 subjects. This study showed that the distribution of serum Na+ and K+ levels is dependent on plasma glucose levels in patients with DM and also suggests that monitoring the electrolyte levels in hyperglycemia is pertinent in the management of diabetes

HDAC2 Inhibitor Valproic Acid Increases Radiation Sensitivity of Drug-Resistant Melanoma Cells

Resistance to anticancer drugs limits the effectiveness of chemotherapy in cancers. Melanoma cell lines B16F10C and A375C (parental) and B16F10R and A375R (drug-resistant sublines) were used to test radiation sensitization potential of valproic acid (VPA), an inhibitor of Histone deacetylase2 (HDAC2) and LDN193189 (BMP inhibitor). Inhibitors of other signaling pathways were tested for cross-resistance with the resistant cell lines. Cells were pretreated with low concentrations of VPA/ LDN193189 and exposed to 2 Gy radiation for radiation sensitization experiments. Assays-3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-Diphenyltetrazolium Bromide (MTT), live/dead, clonogenic, and melanin estimation were performed to test the effects of radiation sensitization. Interactions of VPA and HDAC2 were studied in silico. Dose-dependent growth inhibition was observed with all tested drugs. Radiation sensitization of melanoma cells with low dose of VPA induced synergistic cell death, decreased clonogenicity, and decreased melanin content. In silico docking showed two stable interactions between Arg39 of HDAC2 and VPA. In conclusion, pretreatment with low doses of VPA has a potential for sensitizing melanoma cells to low doses of radiation. The binding of VPA to HDAC2 reverses the drug resistance in melanoma and induces the cell death. Sensitization effects of VPA can be used for targeting drug-resistant cancers

COMPARATIVE ESTIMATION OF SALIVARY TOTAL ANTIOXIDANT CAPACITY IN PERIODONTAL HEALTH AND CHRONIC PERIODONTITIS - A PILOT STUDY

Objective: Gram-negative bacteria provoke polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) to release reactive oxygen species in chronic periodontitis (CP). Inability to maintain a balance between oxidative stress and antioxidant levels makes patients more susceptible to periodontal disease. The present study aims to estimate and compare salivary total antioxidant capacity (TAOC) in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium and patients with CP. Methods: After fulfilling the selection criteria, a total of 20 subjects (10 with clinically healthy periodontium and 10 with CP) were subjected to unstimulated salivary sample collection for biochemical estimation of TAOC by spectrophotometric assay using Kovacevic method. Analysis of data was done with unpaired student t-test, using SPSS version 22 statistical program. Results: Salivary TAOC was significantly higher in subjects with clinically healthy periodontium compared to CP patients. It was statistically significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: This study indicated increased levels of salivary TAOC in patients with CP compared to clinically healthy periodontium. Alteration in defensive antioxidant status could be a risk factor in the progression of periodontal disease

Design, synthesis and anticancer activity of Novel benzimidazole containing quinoline hybrids

In this work we present the synthesis of benzimidazole-quinoline hybrids series (9a-c and 10a-f), characterized using spectroscopy studies (FT-IR, 1H NMR, and mass spectroscopy). The precursor for the hybrid compounds consists of two schemes: i. synthesis of substituted quinoline-4-carboxylic acids (3a-b) with various acetophenones. ii. The key intermediates (8a-c) were obtained initially from the benzimidazole-5-carboxylates (7a-c), were efficiently synthesized by ‘one pot’ nitro reductive cyclization reaction between ethyl 3-nitro-4-(substituted amino) benzoates 6a-c and 5-bromothiophene-2-carbaldehyde. iii. Further, the benzimidazole esters (7a-c) were converted into the corresponding hydrazides (8a-c) and then finally obtained the benzimidazole-quinoline hybrids series (9a-c and 10a-f). Compounds 7a and 7b were crystallized and their molecular structures were determined using a single crystal X-ray diffraction method. The resultant compounds from the synthesis were screened (in-silico and in-vitro) for their anti-cancer activities (human melanoma cell line (A375) and human breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231)). The p53 receptor protein was used for the molecular docking analysis and compound (name) 10b binds the target site with four hydrogen bonds (−6.25 Kcal/mol). The antioxidant activity revealed compounds 9a (IC50 = 604.8 μg/mL) and 9b (IC50 = 604.8 μg/mL 683.7 μg/mL) to exhibit the highest percentage of inhibition and lowest IC50 value. In addition, compounds 10a and 10b showed high scavenging activity. The compounds 9a (A375: IC50 = 34.7 ± 0.9 µg/mL and MDA-MB-231: IC50 = 20.4 ± 1.1 µg/mL), 10a (A375: IC50 = 19.6 ± 1.3 µg/mL and MDA-MB-231: IC50 = 37.0 ± 1.3 µg/mL) and 10b (A375: IC50 = 16.5 ± 1.5 µg/mL and MDA-MB-231: IC50 = 13.4 ± 1.5 µg/mL) showed the significant cytotoxicity against these human cancer cell lines (melanoma and breast cancer) and can be potential anti-cancer molecules