72 research outputs found
Vacuum fluctuations and topological Casimir effect in Friedmann-Robertson-Walker cosmologies with compact dimensions
We investigate the Wightman function, the vacuum expectation values of the
field squared and the energy-momentum tensor for a massless scalar field with
general curvature coupling parameter in spatially flat
Friedmann-Robertson-Walker universes with an arbitrary number of toroidally
compactified dimensions. The topological parts in the expectation values are
explicitly extracted and in this way the renormalization is reduced to that for
the model with trivial topology. In the limit when the comoving lengths of the
compact dimensions are very short compared to the Hubble length, the
topological parts coincide with those for a conformal coupling and they are
related to the corresponding quantities in the flat spacetime by standard
conformal transformation. In the opposite limit of large comoving lengths of
the compact dimensions, in dependence of the curvature coupling parameter, two
regimes are realized with monotonic or oscillatory behavior of the vacuum
expectation values. In the monotonic regime and for nonconformally and
nonminimally coupled fields the vacuum stresses are isotropic and the equation
of state for the topological parts in the energy density and pressures is of
barotropic type. In the oscillatory regime, the amplitude of the oscillations
for the topological part in the expectation value of the field squared can be
either decreasing or increasing with time, whereas for the energy-momentum
tensor the oscillations are damping.Comment: 20 pages, 2 figure
Repulsive Casimir-Polder forces from cosmic strings
We investigate the Casimir-Polder force acting on a polarizable microparticle
in the geometry of a straight cosmic string. In order to develop this analysis
we evaluate the electromagnetic field Green tensor on the imaginary frequency
axis. The expression for the Casimir-Polder force is derived in the general
case of anisotropic polarizability. In dependence of the eigenvalues for the
polarizability tensor and of the orientation of its principal axes, the
Casimir-Polder force can be either repulsive or attractive. Moreover, there are
situations where the force changes the sign with separation. We show that for
an isotropic polarizability tensor the force is always repulsive. At large
separations between the microparticle and the string, the force varies
inversely as the fifth power of the distance. In the non-retarded regime,
corresponding to separations smaller than the relevant transition wavelengths,
the force decays as the inverse fourth power of the distance. In the case of
anisotropic polarizability, the dependence of the Casimir-Polder potential on
the orientation of the polarizability tensor principal axes also leads to the
moment of force acting on the particle.Comment: 16 pages, 2 figure
Exact Casimir-Polder potential between a particle and an ideal metal cylindrical shell and the proximity force approximation
We derive the exact Casimir-Polder potential for a polarizable microparticle
inside an ideal metal cylindrical shell using the Green function method. The
exact Casimir-Polder potential for a particle outside a shell, obtained
recently by using the Hamiltonian approach, is rederived and confirmed. The
exact quantum field theoretical result is compared with that obtained using the
proximity force approximation and a very good agreement is demonstrated at
separations below 0.1, where is the radius of the cylinder. The
developed methods are applicable in the theory of topological defects.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, Accepted for publication in Eur. Phys. J.
Relativistic quantum dynamics of a charged particle in cosmic string spacetime in the presence of magnetic field and scalar potential
In this paper we analyze the relativistic quantum motion of charged spin-0
and spin-1/2 particles in the presence of a uniform magnetic field and scalar
potentials in the cosmic string spacetime. In order to develop this analysis,
we assume that the magnetic field is parallel to the string and the scalar
potentials present a cylindrical symmetry with their center on the string. Two
distinct configurations for the scalar potential, , are considered:
the potential proportional to the inverse of the polar distance, i.e.,
, and the potential proportional to this distance, i.e.,
. The energy spectra are explicitly computed for different physical
situations and presented their dependences on the magnetic field strength and
scalar coupling constants.Comment: New version with 20 pages and no figure. Some minor revisions and six
references added. Accepted for publication in EJP
On the influence of a Coulomb-like potential induced by the Lorentz symmetry breaking effects on the Harmonic Oscillator
In this work, we obtain bound states for a nonrelativistic spin-half neutral
particle under the influence of a Coulomb-like potential induced by the Lorentz
symmetry breaking effects. We present a new possible scenario of studying the
Lorentz symmetry breaking effects on a nonrelativistic quantum system defined
by a fixed space-like vector field parallel to the radial direction interacting
with a uniform magnetic field along the z-axis. Furthermore, we also discuss
the influence of a Coulomb-like potential induced by Lorentz symmetry violation
effects on the two-dimensional harmonic oscillator.Comment: 14 pages, no figure, this work has been accepted for publication in
The European Physical Journal Plu
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