Mutual information for examining correlations in DNA

This paper examines two methods for finding whether long-range correlations exist in DNA: a fractal measure and a mutual information technique. We evaluate the performance and implications of these methods in detail. In particular we explore their use comparing DNA sequences from a variety of sources. Using software for performing in silico mutations, we also consider evolutionary events leading to long range correlations and analyse these correlations using the techniques presented. Comparisons are made between these virtual sequences, randomly generated sequences, and real sequences. We also explore correlations in chromosomes from different species.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figure

Larval diapause in Scolytus ventralis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

When <i>Scolytus ventralis</i> was reared under relatively constant temperatures 50-70% of the brood developed rapidly and emerged within 70 days. The remainder emerged gradually over the 130 days following the first emergence peak. Exposure to field conditions resulted in retarded emergence of the rapidly-developing proportion of the population and increased synchrony in the emergence pattern. Increasing exposures to cold temperatures in the field resulted in increased emergence synchrony, and a shorter developmental time when exposed to warmer temperatures in the laboratory. It was concluded that the rapidly-developing portion of the population may enter a facultative diapause while the remainder enters an obligatory diapause under normal field conditions

Larval diapause in Scolytus ventralis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

When Scolytus ventralis was reared under relatively constant temperatures 50-70% of the brood developed rapidly and emerged within 70 days. The remainder emerged gradually over the 130 days following the first emergence peak. Exposure to field conditions resulted in retarded emergence of the rapidly-developing proportion of the population and increased synchrony in the emergence pattern. Increasing exposures to cold temperatures in the field resulted in increased emergence synchrony, and a shorter developmental time when exposed to warmer temperatures in the laboratory. It was concluded that the rapidly-developing portion of the population may enter a facultative diapause while the remainder enters an obligatory diapause under normal field conditions

Larval diapause in Scolytus ventralis (Coleoptera: Scolytidae)

When Scolytus ventralis was reared under relatively constant temperatures 50-70% of the brood developed rapidly and emerged within 70 days. The remainder emerged gradually over the 130 days following the first emergence peak. Exposure to field conditions resulted in retarded emergence of the rapidly-developing proportion of the population and increased synchrony in the emergence pattern. Increasing exposures to cold temperatures in the field resulted in increased emergence synchrony, and a shorter developmental time when exposed to warmer temperatures in the laboratory. It was concluded that the rapidly-developing portion of the population may enter a facultative diapause while the remainder enters an obligatory diapause under normal field conditions

A case-matched study of neurophysiological correlates to attention /working memory in people with somatic hypervigilance

Accepted 14 June 2016Somatic hypervigilance describes a clinical presentation in which people report more, and more intense, bodily sensations than is usual. Most explanations of somatic hypervigilance implicate altered information processing, but strong empirical data are lacking. Attention and working memory are critical for information processing, and we aimed to evaluate brain activity during attention/working memory tasks in people with and without somatic hypervigilance. Method: Data from 173 people with somatic hypervigilance and 173 controls matched for age, gender, handedness, and years of education were analyzed. Event-related potential (ERP) data, extracted from the continuous electroencephalograph recordings obtained during performance of the Auditory Oddball task, and the Two In A Row (TIAR) task, for N1, P2, N2, and P3, were used in the analysis. Between-group differences for P3 amplitude and N2 amplitude and latency were assessed with two-tailed independent t tests. Between-group differences for N1 and P2 amplitude and latency were assessed using mixed, repeated measures analyses of variance (ANOVAs) with group and Group × Site factors. Linear regression analysis investigated the relationship between anxiety and depression and any outcomes of significance. Results: People with somatic hypervigilance showed smaller P3 amplitudes—Auditory Oddball task: t(285) = 2.32, 95% confidence interval, CI [3.48, 4.47], p = .026, d = 0.27; Two-In-A-Row (TIAR) task: t(334) = 2.23, 95% CI [2.20; 3.95], p = .021, d = 0.24—than case-matched controls. N2 amplitude was also smaller in people with somatic hypervigilance—TIAR task: t(318) = 2.58, 95% CI [0.33, 2.47], p = .010, d = 0.29—than in case-matched controls. Neither depression nor anxiety was significantly associated with any outcome. Conclusion: People with somatic hypervigilance demonstrated an event-related potential response to attention/working memory tasks that is consistent with altered information processing.Carolyn Berryman, Vikki Wise, Tasha R. Stanton, Alexander McFarlane and G. Lorimer Mosele